Galvani, L. De Viribus Electricitatis in Motu Musculari. 1792

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Galvani, L. De Viribus - Electricitatis in Motu
Musculari. (1792)
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Mirror Galvanometer
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Richard Caton (1875)
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Alpha waves on scalp 90 ms period 0.00007 to
0.00015 Volts amplitude
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Excerpt of Ferriers notes 24. extension of
foreleg and turning of tail to left adduction
of right upper arm with extension of forearm
slight right thigh flexed on pelvis and limb
adducted and both eyes opened 25. head to right
and upper half of body also thighs
approximated 26. 27. 28. eyeballs moved
to right and on longer stimulation hard also to
right and eyelids opened . . .
Taylor and Gross (2003)
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Moruzzi and Magoun (1949)
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Hubel DH, Eye Brain and Vision, Scientific
American (1995)
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Selectivity / Feature detection
Hubel Wiesel, J. Physiol. 195, 215,-243, 1968
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DeAngelis, Ohzawa, Freeman, 1995 TINS
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Van Essen
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Functional architecture
Hubel and Wiesel (1977)
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Responses
Stimuli
Pasupathy and Connor (2001)
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Leopold, Bondar, and Giese (2006)
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Sheinberg and Logothetis (1997)
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Response Rate
Treue and Maunsell (1999)
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Single-Unit Activity
Raw trace (1Hz-5kHz)
500-3kHz, rectified
Multi-Unit Activity
1-500 Hz
Band Limited Power (BLP)
1 to 4 Hz (d)
Local Field Potential
5 to 8 Hz (?)
9 to 14 Hz (a)
15 to 30 Hz (ß)
30 to 50 Hz (?low)
50 to 100 Hz (?high)
Time
Time
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Each ON time 3.0 s Each OFF time 3.0 s
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x 109
2.5
Unstimulated
2
1.5
LFP Power
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0.5
0
0
1
2
10
10
10
Frequency (Hz)
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Cortical depth
Mitzdorf, 1985
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d - power
b - power
raw signal
15-30 Hz
1-4 Hz
5 sec
9-14 Hz
30-50 Hz
g - power
a - power
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Electrode
d power (1 - 4 Hz)
g power (30 - 50 Hz)
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2
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16
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15
0
10
20
30
40
0
10
20
30
40
Minutes
Minutes
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Leopold et al (2003)
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0.3
0.2
0.1
Corr Coeff
regressor
0.0
-0.1
k00.8l1
-0.2
-0.3