Prepare and Use Visual Aids

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Prepare and Use Visual Aids
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Introduction

• What kinds of audiovisuals (AV) are you using in
  your teaching?
• Can you share some examples of AV that you have
  seen poorly used?
• What kinds of AV can you use with large groups of
  students?

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Objectives

• Use a writing board
• Use a flipchart
• Prepare and use transparencies
• Prepare and use slides
• Use video
• Use a computer to prepare and project a
  presentation

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Uses of the Writing Board

• Document ideas during discussions or
  brainstorming exercises.
• Draw a sketch of anatomy.
• Note points you wish to emphasize.
• Diagram the sequence of making a clinical
  decision.

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Advantages of the Writing Board

• Writing boards are available in most classrooms
  and do not require electricity.
• They are inexpensive and easy to use.
• They are excellent for brainstorming, problem
  solving, making sketches, diagrams, charts, and
  lists, and other participatory activities.

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Disadvantages of Writing Board 1

• The board cannot hold a large amount of material.
• Writing on the board is time-consuming.
• It is difficult to write on the board and talk to
  students.

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Disadvantages of Writing Board 2

• In large classrooms, it is difficult to write
  large enough so that students in the back of the
  room can read.
• There is no permanent record of the information.

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Writing Board Tips 1

• Keep the board clean.
• Use chalk or pens that contrast with the
  background of the board so that students can see
  the information clearly.
• Make text and drawings large enough to be seen in
  the back of the room.

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Writing Board Tips 2

• Underline headings and important or unfamiliar
  words for emphasis.
• Do not talk while facing the board.
• Do not block the students view of the board.

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Writing Board Tips 3

• Allow sufficient time for students to copy the
  information from the board.
• Summarize the main points at the end of the
  presentation.

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Flipchart Uses

• Note objectives or outcomes before or after
  clinical practice sessions.
• Create flowcharts to work through clinical
  decision-making in different situations, such as
  during a complicated labor and childbirth.
• Record discussions or ideas during small group
  exercises.

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Flipchart Advantages 1

• Flipchart stands and paper are relatively
  inexpensive, easy to move, and do not require
  electricity.
• They are small enough that several may be used
  simultaneously (e.g., for small group work).

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Flipchart Advantages 2

• They are suitable for use by both teachers and
  students.
• Pages of information can be prepared in advance
  and revealed at appropriate points in the
  presentation.
• Note For very large groups of students, it is
  difficult to use the flipchart.

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Flipchart Tips 1

• Make it easy to read (bullets, white space, block
  letters, wide-tipped marker)
• Make the flipchart page attractive (colors,
  heading, boxes, cartoons, borders).
• Have masking tape available to hang flipchart
  pages on the walls during brainstorming and
  problem-solving sessions.

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Flipchart Tips 2

• To hide a portion of the page, fold up the lower
  portion of the page and tape it remove to
  reveal.
• Face the students, not the flipchart, while
  talking.
• When you finish with a flipchart page, tape it to
  the wall.

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Overhead Transparency Uses

• Provide an outline for the teacher to follow in
  discussing the main points of a presentation.
• Show images, illustrations, charts, or diagrams
  to support a topic.
• Provide visual support to students as they make
  their own presentations and oral reports.
• Show them to clinical practice sites to describe
  practices and procedures to tutors or students.

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Transparency Advantages 1

• When handwritten, they can be prepared quickly
  and easily.
• They can be stored and reused in the future.
• The projector is easy to use, can be used in
  almost any room that has electricity.

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Transparency Advantages 2

• When prepared in advance, they save the teacher
  time.
• Points gathered from a discussion can be
  immediately written on a transparency.

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Producing Transparencies

• Use permanent or non-permanent (water soluble)
  pens to create text or drawings on plastic or
  acetate sheets.
• Use a copy machine with transparency film.
• Use a computer and printer.

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Creating Transparencies 1

• Create a transparency in landscape (horizontal)
  rather than portrait (vertical) format.
• Be consistent (use the same general style and
  tone)
• Proofread.

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Creating Transparencies 2

• Limit the information on each transparency to one
  main idea that can be grasped in 510 seconds.
• State the main idea in the title.
• Use about three to five bullets per slide.
• Limit a bulleted item to six to eight words.

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Creating Transparencies 3

• Use no more than seven lines of text.
• Whenever possible, use pictures, charts, or
  graphs to support or replace text.
• Make graphics and drawings large enough to be
  seen easily in the back of the room.
• Print your text.

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Creating Transparencies 4

• Use overlays to present complex images or
  diagrams.
• Number the transparencies to keep them in order.

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Creating Transparencies 5

• Store the transparencies in a box with a lid, an
  envelope, or a pocket made from folders or
  sheets of clear plastic to protect them from dust
  and scratches.
• See Samples 5-1 5-3 starting on Page 5-14.

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Overhead Projector Tips 1

• Before the presentation, locate and check the
  on/off switch and make sure the bulb is working
  (have an extra projector bulb).
• Before the presentation, focus the projector and
  use a transparency to check the position of the
  image on the screen.

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Overhead Projector Tips 2

• Once the projector is on and the image is on the
  screen, move away from the projector to avoid
  blocking the students view of the screen.
• Face the students, not the screen, while talking.
• Use a pointer or pencil to show one point at a
  time.

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Overhead Projector Tips 3

• Control the pace of the discussion by covering
  selected information with a piece of paper and
  revealing new information when you are ready.
• Allow plenty of time for the students to read
  what is on the screen and take notes, if
  necessary.

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Slides

• Refer to the manual for preparing and using
  slides to support your presentations.

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Video

• Refer to the manual for preparing and using
  video to support your presentations

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Computer Presentation Advantages 1

• You can save the files and update the information
  easily.
• It is less expensive than producing slides and
  faster than preparing printed overhead
  transparencies.

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Computer Presentation Advantages 2

• Most graphics software is easy to use and creates
  attractive, interesting presentation materials.
• You can prepare a presentation and create
  transparencies, a projected presentation, and
  related handout or note sheets easily.

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Computer Presentation Advantages 3

• Most graphics software is easy to use and
  creates attractive, interesting presentation
  materials.

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Computer Presentation Advantages 4

• You can prepare a presentation and create
  transparencies, a projected presentation, and
  related handout or note sheets easily.

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Disadvantages of Computer Presentations

• Computers can be expensive and may require some
  maintenance.
• You will need electrical outlets, extension
  cords, and voltage surge protectors.
• Sometimes computers crash or freeze and
  information can be lost if not saved.

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Tips for Computer Presentations 1

• Make sure technical assistance is available for
  problems and practice using the computer.
• Avoid busy or confusing backgrounds.
• Minimize the transitions between slides.
• Use sound effects sparingly and only to emphasize
  a point.
• If using animation, it should be used
  consistently.

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Tips for Computer Presentations 2

• Remember that your slides should highlight key
  points and not full text of the presentation.
• Charts and tables should be large and simple for
  the message to be clear.
• Always save the presentation on the computers
  hard drive and on a diskette or CD-ROM in case
  something happens to the computer.

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Summary

• Keep it simple.
• Keep it relevant.
• Keep it focused.
• Ready for an activity?

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Flipchart Competition

• Work in small groups.
• Design a single flipchart page for something you
  would teach in your course.
• We will then take a look at the flipcharts.