Movement and Change in School and Society

1
Movement and Change in School and Society

• Chapter 8

2
The School at the Heart of the Community

• District schoolsrevenues set aside from the sale
  of the 16th section of each townshipthe goal was
  to have no child walk more than two miles to
  school
• Significant local control
• Yearly calendar revolved around farming

3
Preparing Teachers

• Normal Schools
• Most students had not completed high school
• Reading, penmanship, spelling, grammar,
  geography, arithmetic16 years old and good
  health
• By the 1920s-30s most Normal Schools upgraded to
  colleges and four year degrees

4
Morrill Act

• Donating public land to provide colleges for the
  benefit of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (30
  thousand acres of public land)
• Military training (ROTC)
• Hatch Act (1887)experimental farms
• Higher education to working people of the Midwest
  and Westfocus on practical education

5
Becoming Americans The Immigrants

• Industrial Revolution and steamships, between
  1880-1920, millions of immigrants
• Asians not as accepted as Europeans, removed in
  1965 by President Johnson
• Second great wave in 1980s-90s

6
Schooling for Immigrants

• Assimilation and Acculturation
• Expanding social roles of schools
• The testing and efficiency movement
• Intelligence tests

7
Progressive Education

• John Deweyevery working man a scholar, and every
  scholar a working man
• George Counts Dare the School Build a New
  Social Order?
• America First Post War Education
• Educational Wastelands (Arthur Bestor)
• Back to Basics

8
The Pursuit of Equality and Justice

• Compensatory Education
• ESEA (1965)
• Cultural Deprivation, culture of poverty
• Blaming the Victim
• Cultural AphasiaWASP culture as the ideal
• Civil Rights movement comes to school

9
Radical Education

• For social justice
• For self actualization
• Humanistic education Free, open, deschooled
• BacklashA Nation at Risk
• Back to Basics part two Standards Movement