Challenges in ICT and eGovernance at District Level

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Challenges in ICT and e-Governance at District
Level

• A Research Project on
• eGovernance Initiatives at District level
• By
• International Institute of Information
  Technology, Hyderabad (IIIT-H)
• Computer Society of India (CSI)
• Maj Gen (Retd.) Dr R K Bagga, AVSM
• (Principal Investigator of the Project)
• rbagga_at_iiit.ac.in
• K S Vijaya Sekhar, Coordinator
• IIIT, Hyderabad, India

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India Political Map
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Andhra Pradesh Political Map
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About IIIT, Hyderabad

• The International Institute of Information
  Technology, Hyderabad (IIIT-H) is an autonomous
  university founded in 1998. It was set up as a
  not-for-profit public private partnership (N-PPP)
  and is the first IIIT to be set up (under this
  model) in India. The Government of Andhra Pradesh
  lent support to the institute by grant of land
  and buildings. The focus of the Institute is on
  the core areas of Information Technology, such as
  Computer Science, Electronics and Communications,
  and their applications in other domains. The
  institute evolved strong research programmes in a
  host of areas, with computation or IT providing
  the connecting thread, and with an emphasis on
  the development of technology and applications,
  which can be transferred for use to industry and
  society.

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About Computer Society of India

• Computer Society of India (CSI), the oldest and
  largest professional society of Computer
  professionals in India, has been encouraging
  computer applications in India since its
  inception in 1965. One of method employed by CSI
  was to institute Annual Awards for outstanding
  applications in different sectors of the economy.
  Government sector was one of the last sectors to
  take on computerization.
• CSI launched its e-Governance Awards in year 2000
  and has been continuing recognising the leaders
  in Information Communications Technology (ICT)
  applications to different States, Departments and
  Projects, including IT Corporate sector.

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3-Tier Architecture

• Centre (National)
• State/Union Territories (28, 7)
• Districts (100 identified as backward out of 626
  of which only 527 have web sites)
• - Blocks
• - Panchayats
• - Mandals
• - Village (Local level)

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Backward Districts identified(5 out of 23
districts in AP)

• focused development programmes for backward
• areas which would help reduce imbalances and
• speed-up development - RSVY
• Adilabad
• Chittoor (?)
• Mahabubnagar
• Vijayanagaram
• Warangal
• REASONS
• value of output per agricultural worker
• agricultural wage rate and
• percentage of SC/ST population

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Apex Administration at Districts

• District Collector (DC)
• District Magistrate (DM)
• Superintendent of Police (SP)
• Guidelines
• Administrative Reforms Committee (ARC)
• Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojana (RSVY)
• Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs)

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ICT

• Department of Information Technology (DIT)
• State Wide Area Network (SWAN)
• Common Service Centre (CSC)
• Public Urban amenities in Rural Areas (PURA)
• Below Poverty Line (BPL)

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ICT Benefits

• Easier access to markets thru e
• Better access to education facilities thru
  e-learning
• Better access to employment opportunities
• Quicker access to information in real-time
• Creation of common information infrastructure
• Scalability in deployment

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Benefits to Citizen

• Expecting more services from government
• Feeling comfort visiting third party rather than
  government, directly
• Looking for speed mechanism

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Benefits to Government

• Transparency
• Accountability
• Responsibility

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Delivery challenges

• Lack of training facilities and teachers
• Many of teachers are migrating to Urban
• Convergence is not the solution
• Before e, Governance has to be monitored
• Transformation should be on Rural rather than
  Urban
• ICT Infrastructure to be addressed
• Not recognizing the importance of CSCs

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e-District

• e-District aims at providing support to the
  basic administrative unit i.e. District
  Administration to enable content development of
  G2C services, which would optimally leverage and
  utilize the three infrastructure pillars, to
  deliver services to the citizen at his doorstep.

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Challenges at District Level

• The fruits of technology have not reached the
  rural masses because the current planning process
  is controlled at Centre and State levels. This
  can only be corrected, if ICT can make a serious
  effort at Districts, as they form the basic unit
  for all interactions with citizen

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Objectives

• a. Districts are the primary unit for delivery of
  citizen services
• b. Quality and content of Government Service
  Delivery can significantly improve with an
  integrated approach to service delivery
• c. Capacity building of the district
  administrative functions and processes will
  enhance efficiency and accountability in delivery
• d. The services to be delivered would require
  automated work flow, data digitization, and
  involve significant process redesign
• e. A Central data repository would be created at
  the district level, wherein data and information
  would be collected, stored, retrieved, used and
  exchanged in an efficient manner at all levels
• f. Enabling backend computerization for delivery
  of G2C services will ensure optimal leveraging
  and utilization of the core and support
  infrastructure such as Common Service Centers
  (CSCs), State Data Centres (SDCs), State Wide
  Area Network (SWAN) and Service Delivery Gateway
  at the SDCs.

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ICT at a Glance

• Benefits
• Reuse of information
• Authenticity of information
• One stop shop
• Weaknesses
• Poor Planning
• Lack of drive
• Funding
• Opportunities
• Higher visibility
• Potential of reach
• Threats
• Growing Internet
• Political issues etc.,

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National eGovernance Plan (NeGP)

• Mission Mode Projects
• Centre level (10)
• State level (7)
• Integrated (5)
• Additional with choice of states (5)
• In Total 27
• Make all Government services accessible to the
  common man in his locality, through common
  service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency,
  transparency reliability of such services at
  affordable costs to realize the basic needs of
  the common man.

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Welfare Schemes

• Some of rural schemes
• Nearly 40 of living people urban areas were
  migrated citizen from most of the rural areas
• Pavala Vaddi
• Rs.2/- per kg rice and Rs.115/- for household
  groceries per month
• Rajeev Arogya Sri
• National Old Age Pension Scheme (for above 65
  years)
• Swarnajayanti Grama Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) and
• Girl Child Protection Scheme (GCPS)
• Reforms on irrigation projects Jalayagnam etc.,

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Development Schemes

• Development schemes under Mega Bharat Nirman
  Program
• Aam-Aadmi
• Indira Jeevitha Bheema
• Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
  (JNNURM)
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• National Rural Health Mission
• National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
  (NREGS) and
• Integrated Child Development Services
• Affected factors Employment, Inflation,
  Education, Corruption, Law and Order, Poverty,
  Civic Infrastructure and Health etc.,

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Evaluation of eGovernance projects

• Need To see whether a project is potentially
  delivering its services
• If yes, easy to replicate
• Only 15 of the projects are under success
• 50 are about to fail and
• 35 are already got failed

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Evaluation of eGovernance at District Level
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Contd..
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Administrative Reforms Committee

• A major part of e-Governance is governance
  reforms and only a small part is ICT ARC
• - Livelihood Options (Agriculture)
• - Education and Health
• - Water Irrigation
• - Law Order, Security

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Public-Private-Partnership (PPP)

• For effective implementation
• Smooth operations at all levels
• Win-win situation
• Build-Own-Operate-Transfer (BOOT) Model
• Government Industry Initiatives

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• 1. Livelihood Result
  Indicators
• Agriculture Allied Activities
• Village Knowledge Centers
• Knowledge of Minimum Support Price among farmers
• Kisan Credit Cards and Soil Health Cards
• Registration under Employment Guarantee Scheme
• Registration of BPL families
• Agricultural and Migrant Labor
• Displacement Redress (if any)
• Employment Exchange
• Employment market information data
• Employment Exchange Statistics Data
• Self-Help Groups
• Skill-development
• Access to credit for self-employment
• Social Security and Pensions
• Old Age (Widow, Physically Disabled, Common
  Property Resources (Land and Water)

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• 2. Health (contd.,)
• Record of Pregnant and Breastfeeding women
• Record of Immunisation
• Record of Family Planning
• Record of Malnourished Children
• Prevention of Common Diseases
• Reach of hospitals/health care
• Protected Water Availability
• Mortality Rates
• Infant
• Maternal
• Sanitation
• Total Sanitation Programme Awareness
• Nirmal Gram Puraskaar Awardees in the District
• Registrations
• Births
• Deaths
• Public Distribution System

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• 3. Education (contd.,)
• Literacy Rate
• MaleFemaleSC ST Adult
• Schools
• Primary
• School Enrollment
• FemaleMaleSCST
• School Drop-Out Rate
• FemaleMaleSCST
• Secondary
• School Enrollment
• FemaleMaleSCST
• High
• School Enrollment
• Female Male SCST
• School Teacher Attendance
• Pass percentage in SSC

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Contd.

• 4. Law Order and Justice
• No. of pending cases in the courts in the
  district
• No. of cases that were resolved in the one year
• No. of RTI applications received
• Average Crime Rate
• Grievance Redress
• 5. Development Schemes
• MIS for Monitoring

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Enablers Indicators

• Provides descriptive information and statistics
• 1. Connectivity
• Road
• Road length per100 sq.kms
• Railway
• Telephone
• Internet
• Mobile
• 2. Electricity
• Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Viddyudeekaran Yojana
• 3. Capacity Building
• Leadership support visibility
• Training plan implementation
• Institutional structure for training
• Key challenges and learnings from existing
  implementations
• 4. Leadership
• Political
• Administrative

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Evaluation of Districts

• Conduct, Results and Recommendations
• With limited resources in time and finance, it
  was decided to use Andhra Pradesh Districts (mix
  of Backward and Developed), for field study and
  results could be extrapolated to other parts on
  India. Major scheme have been launched at
  National and State levels for employment
  generation, Agriculture, Health care, Education
  and other essentials sectors, with rural
  population, as the major beneficiary. Apart from
  historical Reports and literature study, the
  essential part of the research was to include
  field visits by the researchers to have real feel
  of the ground truths on relevance of ICT and
  e-Governance at Districts.

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Best ICT Awards

• Stockholm Challenge Awards
• CII-Exim Bank Awards
• Computer Society of India (CSI)
• CSI-Nihilent eGovernance Awards
• Special Interest Group on eGov (SIGeGOV)
• eINDIA eGovernance Awards
• National Institute of Smart Government (NISG)
  IIM, Ahmedabad/Bangalore

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• Welcome All
• 44th Annual Convention CSI-2009
• www.csi2009.co.in
• CSI-Nihilent eGov Awards 2008-09
• www.csinihilent-egovernanceawards.org
• Date 8 to 10 October 2009
• Venue Hotel VITS, Pune, India

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Conclusion

• e-Governance, has to be citizen-friendly.
  Delivery of services to citizens is considered a
  primary function of the government. In a
  democratic nation of over one billion people like
  India, e-Governance should enable seamless access
  to information and seamless flow of information
  across the state and central government in the
  federal set up. No country has so far implemented
  an e-Governance system for one billion people
  using ICT. It is a big challenge before us.
• Dr APJ ABDUL KALAM
• (Honble Ex-President, India)