Road to Revolution

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Road to Revolution

• 1763 - 1775

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Treaty of Paris

• 1763

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Treaty of Paris 1763

• The RED is where the British colonists lived
• The PINK is the land claimed by France
• The GOLD is the land claimed by Spain

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Treaty of Paris 1763

• England defeated France in the French Indian
  War
• England now claimed the land (PINK) that France
  had to give up

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Treaty of Paris 1763

• Because the Colonists had helped England defeat
  France they now felt they had the right to move
  to the newly conquered land

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Treaty of Paris 1763

• Whats the problem with the colonists moving West
  into this land?

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Treaty of Paris 1763

• Even though France had claimed the land, it
  really belonged to many Native American groups

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Treaty of Paris 1763

• Conflict between the colonial settlers and the
  Native Americans was inevitable...

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Pontiacs War

• 1764

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Pontiacs War 1763

• Pontiac was an Ottawa Chief who united many
  Native American tribes to fight against the
  Colonists who were taking their lands

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Pontiacs War 1763

• England was forced to send over troops to defend
  the Colonists.

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Pontiacs War 1763

• England, after spending a lot of money in the
  French Indian War...

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Pontiacs War 1763

• now had to spend more money on soldiers to
  protect the Colonists.

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Pontiacs War 1763

• England knew that if Colonists kept moving west,
  they would continue to fight with the Native
  Americans

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Pontiacs War 1763

• So..England decided they needed a way to keep
  the Colonists from moving West...

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Proclamation of 1763
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Proclamation of 1763

• England issued the Proclamation of 1763
• The Proclamation forbade any Colonist to move
  West of the Appalachian Mountain range

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Proclamation of 1763

• This would keep England from having to spend more
  money defending the Colonists

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Proclamation of 1763

• England still had to pay for the troops used
  during Pontiacs War

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Proclamation of 1763

• Who should pay, and how, for the troops?

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Sugar Act

• 1764

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Stamp Act

• 1765

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Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765

• The British viewpoint was since the troops were
  protecting the Colonists, it was only FAIR that
  the Colonists should pay for the troops

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Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765

• England created both the Sugar Act and Stamp Act
  as a way to tax the Colonists to pay for the
  troops used to defend the Colonists

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Sugar Act 1764

• Colonists would have to pay taxes on
• sugar
• indigo
• molasses
• coffee

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Stamp Act 1765

• Colonists would have to buy a stamp (tax) to use
  the following items

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Stamp Act 1765

• legal papers, playing cards, newspapers,
  advertisements, calendars, and other
  paper-related products

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Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765

• To Englands surprise, the Colonists were ANGRY
  with the new taxes
• Angry because they felt that only the Colonists
  had a right to tax the Colonists

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Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765

• TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!, cried the
  Colonists.

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Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765

• The colonists were not necessarily upset with
  having to pay taxes, but they were upset that
  they did not have any say in the matter.

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Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765

• They felt that Mother England was treating the
  Colonists like children.

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Stamp Act Congress

• 1765

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Stamp Act Congress 1765

• Colonial leaders from nine colonies met in New
  York to decided what to do about the new taxes

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Stamp Act Congress 1765

• They sent a letter to England, first pledging
  their loyalty, but then declaring that the right
  to tax the colonies belonged, not to Parliament,
  but to the Colonists themselves

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Stamp Act Congress 1765

• A boycott of the goods that were being taxed was
  organized

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Stamp Act Congress 1765

• A boycott is a refusal to buy

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Stamp Act Congress 1765

• The boycott would not end until the Stamp Act tax
  was repealed

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Repeal of the Stamp Act

• 1766

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Repeal of the Stamp Act 1766

• The English government was not able to collect
  any money in taxes due to the boycott

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Repeal of the Stamp Act 1766

• Even worse, English businessman were going
  bankrupt since no Colonist would buy their goods

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Repeal of the Stamp Act 1766

• Because of these two reasons England decided to
  get rid of (repeal) the Stamp Act

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Repeal of the Stamp Act 1766

• The Colonists, excited that they had forced
  England to repeal the hated Stamp Act, did not
  notice the new Act that England created...

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Declaratory Act

• 1766

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Declaratory Act 1766

• This Act gave England the legal right to pass
  laws for the Colonies in all cases whatsoever

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Declaratory Act 1766

• Basically, this gave England the right to make
  any law for the Colonies that they wanted
  regardless of how the Colonists felt about it

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Declaratory Act 1766

• This Act allowed England to create a new Act,
  called

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Townshend Acts

• 1767

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Townshend Acts 1767

• The Townshend Acts were an attempt by England to
  better control the Colonies

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Townshend Acts 1767

• There were four main parts to the Acts

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Townshend Acts 1767

• Writs of Assistance were a type of search
  warrant that allowed the British troops to search
  Colonial ships, homes, and businesses for
  smuggled goods

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Townshend Acts 1767

• A second part required Colonists to pay a new tax
  on imported goods such as lead, paper, paint,
  glass, and tea.

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Townshend Acts 1767

• The third part was that the tax money collected
  would be used to pay the salaries of British
  officials in the Colonies

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Townshend Acts 1767

• The final part of the Act forbade the New York
  Assembly of Colonial leaders from meeting

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Townshend Acts 1767

• These Acts angered the Colonists, who again began
  boycotting the goods that were now being taxed

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Townshend Acts 1767

• Tension rose between the Colonists and the
  British soldiers until the anger boiled over

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Boston Massacre

• 1770

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Boston Massacre 1770

• On a snowy evening in Boston a group of boys were
  throwing snowballs at a British soldier.

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Boston Massacre 1770

• The soldier called over other soldiers for backup.

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Boston Massacre 1770

• A growing crowd of Colonists were also gathering
  at the scene.

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Boston Massacre 1770

• Shots rang out, killing 5 Colonists, including
  Crispus Attucks.

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Boston Massacre 1770

• Crispus Attucks, a man of African and Native
  American descent, was one of the leaders of the
  crowd of Colonists

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Boston Massacre 1770

• The British viewpoint was that the soldiers were
  only acting in self-defense against the mob of
  Colonists.

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Boston Massacre 1770

• The Colonist viewpoint, influenced heavily by
  Paul Reveres engraving of the incident,

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Boston Massacre 1770

• was that the Soldiers fired cruelly into a
  crowd of helpless Colonists

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Boston Massacre 1770

• To calm the situation, England repealed all parts
  of the Townshend Acts, except the tax on tea.

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Boston Massacre 1770

• England wanted to at least send the message to
  the Colonist that England was still in charge!

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Boston Massacre 1770

• Because the Colonists were still boycotting the
  tea (and the tax!), England had to find a way to
  get the Colonists to buy it

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Tea Act

• 1773

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Tea Act 1773

• British businessman shipped tea from another of
  Englands colonies, India, to

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Tea Act 1773

• England, where a first tax on the tea had to be
  paid, then it was shipped to

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Tea Act 1773

• The Colonies, where a second tax had to be paid.

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Tea Act 1773

• England created the Tea Act to lower the price on
  tea

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Tea Act 1773

• Hoping the Colonists would end their boycott and
  buy the tea

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Tea Act 1773

• The Tea Act allowed businessman to send the tea
  directly from India to the Colonies.

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Tea Act 1773

• One way this made the tea cheaper was that the
  businessman did not have to pay a tax to ship the
  tea to the Colonies

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Tea Act 1773

• A second way this made the tea cheaper was that
  the new route was quicker (making it cheaper!).

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Tea Act 1773

• Many Colonists saw the Tea Act as a trick to get
  them to stop boycotting British goods

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Tea Act 1773

• When the tea arrived in Boston, the Colonial
  leaders had to decide what to do about the tea

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Boston Tea Party

• 1773

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Boston Tea Party 1773

• Colonial leaders dressed up as Mohawk Indians and
  dumped all of the tea into Boston Harbor!

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Boston Tea Party 1773

• The Colonists now waited for a response from
  England

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Intolerable Acts

• 1774

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Intolerable Acts 1774

• The real name of these acts was the Coercive
  Acts

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Intolerable Acts 1774

• but since Colonists couldnt tolerate them, they
  were nicknamed the Intolerable Acts.

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Intolerable Acts 1774

• The first act closed the Port of Boston until all
  the destroyed tea was paid for.

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Intolerable Acts 1774

• The second act made the Royal Governor of each
  colony more powerful than the Colonial Assemblies.

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Intolerable Acts 1774

• The third act forced colonists to quarter
  British soldiers. This meant they had to feed
  and house them.

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Intolerable Acts 1774

• The fourth and final act allowed British
  officials who were accused of crimes in the
  Colonies, to return to England for their trial.

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First Continental Congress

• 1774

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First Continental Congress 1774

• Leaders from all colonies, except Georgia, met in
  Philadelphia to discuss their rights

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First Continental Congress 1774

• Although they did NOT want independence, they
  wanted their rights respected

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First Continental Congress 1774

• The Congress took four important steps

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First Continental Congress 1774

• They asserted that the Colonial Legislatures had
  the right to make all colonial laws

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First Continental Congress 1774

• Next, they threatened to halt all exports from
  the Colonies to Britain

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First Continental Congress 1774

• Third, they organized a boycott of all British
  goods

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First Continental Congress 1774

• Finally, they promised to meet again in a year if
  things still had not improved

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Fighting at Lexington and Concord

• 1775