The beginnings of sophistication

1
Chapter 42

• The beginnings of sophistication!

2
Types of Sentences

• Simple sentence are complete thoughts
• The boy saw the girl.
• Complex sentences will have many (and various)
  clauses
• When the boy entered the store, he saw the girl.

A clause is a group of words containing a verb!
3
Types of Clauses

• In every complex sentence, there are main clauses
  (which can stand on their own) and subordinate
  clauses (which are incomplete and depend upon the
  main clause)
• When the boy entered the store, he saw the girl.
• Subordinate Clause Main Clause

4
Complex Sentences in Latin

• There are many ways to express our example
  sentence in Latin. In Latin I, you would have
  said
• ubi puer ad tabernam intravit, puellam vidit.
• This a perfectly acceptable translation, but it
  is unsophisticated.
• In order to move to the next level of Latin, we
  will begin expressing subordinate clauses using
  the subjunctive mood.

5
The Subjunctive Mood

• Imperfect and Pluperfect Active

6
Imperfect Subjunctive Active

• In order to form the imperfect subjunctive, you
  need to follow two easy steps
• Find the second principal part
• Add the personal endings (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt)
• Lets look at amo, amare, amavi, amatus

7
Pluperfect Subjunctive Active

• In order to form the pluperfect subjunctive,
  follow these steps
• Find the third principal part
• Remove the i
• Add isse
• Add the personal endings (m, s, t, mus, tis, nt)
• Lets again look at amo, amare, amavi, amatus