Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life

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Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
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Matter

• What is it?

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Matter

• Anything that has mass and volume.
• Includes all solids, liquids, and gases found in
  our surroundings and in our bodies.

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What is matter composed of?
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What is matter composed of?

• Atoms which are categorized into elements.

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What is the basis for categorizing elements?

• The number of protons in their nucleus.

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Atomic Structure
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How many protons will carbon always have?
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How many protons will carbon always have?

• 6

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The number of neutrons and electrons can vary

• What is an isotope?
• What is an ion?

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Isotopes of Carbon
http//images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/ta
rgets/illus/ilt/T050525A.gif
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Radioactive Isotopes

• Useful in diagnosing and treating disease.
• Iodine -131
• Thallium-201
• Gallium-67
• Cobalt-60

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Iodine 131 diagnosis of thyroid problems
http//www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/08/01/healt
h/adam/9806Radioactivitytest.html
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Thyroid Scan
http//www.thyroidmanager.org/Chapter8/figures8/fi
gure4.jpg
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Cobalt 60 isotope treatment of cancer
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Ions below are examples of ions found in your
body

• NaCl dissociates to Na and Cl-
• KCl dissociates to K and Cl-
• H2 CO3 dissociates to 2H and CO3-

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NaCl dissociates in water
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Acids and Bases

• What are they?
• How are they measured?

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http//www.rrcc.nsw.gov.au/images/2007/pH20Scale.
jpg
http//www.rrcc.nsw.gov.au/images/2007/pH20Scale.
jpg
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Buffer Systems in the Body

• Bicarbonate buffer system
• Phosphate buffer system
• Protein buffer system

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Buffer Systems in the Body

• Bicarbonate buffer system
• NaHCO3 ? H2C03

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Bicarbonate Buffer System
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Buffer Systems in the Body

• Phosphate buffer system
• Na2HPO4 ? NaH2PO4

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Buffer Systems in the Body

• Protein buffer system
• -COOH on amino acid
• -NH2 on amino acid
• -COOH ?COO- H
• -NH2 H ? -NH3

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http//www.hcc.mnscu.edu/programs/dept/chem/V.27/a
mino_acid_structure_2.jpg
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http//matcmadison.edu/biotech/resources/proteins/
labManual/images/amino_000.gif