Absolute Monarchies

1
Absolute Monarchies

• Chapter 19
• Spain and England

2
Absolutism

• Divine Right
• Unlimited power
• Unify
• Efficiency and control
• Complete loyalty

3
Spain

• Hapsburg Dynasty splits HRE/Spain
• 1556 1598 Phillip II, given Spain, Netherlands
  and Southern Italy, overseas colonies to rule
• Religious unity, anti Marranos- Jewish converts
  anti Moriscos-Muslim converts
• Inquisition weed out heresy
• Netherlands-Protestant- wanted them RC, declared
  independence 1581, England/Dutch allies here
  Queen Elizabeth

4
Spain (cont)

• Spanish Armada-1588- revenge tactic
• Inflation, Armada, poor management, high taxes on
  middle class, exodus of merchants and artisans
  for religion LEAD TO DECLINE OF SPAIN AS POWER
  IN EUROPE
• 1700- throne given to grandson on French King
  Louis XIV, became Phillip V of Spain
• War of Spanish Succession 1701-1713

5
Spanish Armada Route
6
Spanish Armada Battle
7
England

• Henry VII-1485- first Tudor after War of Roses
  Civil War
• Aristocracy dependent on King
• Parliament, Magna Carta limits power
• Henry VIII-Church of England, many wives
• Edward IV- boy king- protestantism up
• Mary- strong Catholic, marries Phillip II of
  Spain, Bloody Mary
• Elizabeth-1558- benevolent, balance of power
  foreign policy, Protestant,
• Queen at 25 -dies at 69 in 1603-end of Tudor
  Dynasty

8
Elizabethan England

• Highly educated, forceful personality
• Difficulties with Parliament, lavish lifetsyle
• Virgin Queen
• Arts, fashion, court life flourished
• Isolated island, strong Navy
• Balance of Power
• Scotlands Mary Queen of Scots beheaded
• Her son, James VI of Scotland, now James I of
  England-start of new Stuart Dynasty

9
English Civil War Legacy of Representative Govt
and Individual Rights

• James I 1603- Divine Rights - at odds with
  Parliament whole reign
• Puritans dont support
• Charles I 1625- inherits issues from father, but
  doesnt enact changes, persecutes Puritans,
  Dissolves Parliament 2X
• Concessions to fignt wars w/Spain and France
• Forced to sign Petition of Right
• No taxes w/o permission, just cause to imprison,
  no forced billeting soldiers, no martial law
  unless at war
• Alienates Scotland through forced Calvinist
  changes
• Alienates the Irish-land stealing
• Charles I-Royalist Army or Cavaliers vs
  Parliament Round Heads or New Model Army
• New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell-diehard
  Puritan wins, creates Puritan utopia - A
  Commonwealth- elected officials
• Executes Charles I
• Restoration son, Charles II 1660-Restoration,
  habeas corpus

10
England, cont

• Former Duke of York, James II 1685-openly
  Catholic-dissolves Parliament
• Parliament- invites hated Dutch William of
  Orange to invade England
• 1688- William of Orange bloodless war- Glorious
  Revolution takes over England
• William and Mary rule- 1689-forced to sign
  English Bill of Rights, Act of Settlement