Monitoring and Reporting: Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol

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Monitoring and ReportingImplementation of the
Kyoto Protocol

• Dr. Erasmia Kitou
• Climate Change, Ozone and Energy Unit
• DG Environment
• Montreal, December 2005

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EU and the Kyoto Protocol

• EU-15 have a reduction target under the Kyoto
  Protocol 8
• Burden Sharing agreement agreement to share the
  reduction target among the 15 Member States (MS)
• (Council Decision 2002/358/EC)
• 8 new MS have individual reduction targets of 8
• (6 Poland and Hungary, Cyprus and Malta
  non-Annex I countries)
• Member States report to the UNFCCC
• European Community reports to the UNFCCC

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EU Burden Sharing Agreement
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Basis for Monitoring System

• Marrakech Accords ( i.e., Decisions 20-24)
• Kyoto Protocol (i.e., Articles 5, 7, 8)
• IPCC Good Practice Guidelines
• EU legal basis
• DECISION No 280/2004/EC OF THE EUROPEAN
  PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
• of 11 February 2004 concerning a mechanism for
  monitoring Community greenhouse gas
• emissions and for implementing the Kyoto Protocol
• http//europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2004/l_
  049/l_04920040219en00010008.pdf
• COMMISSION DECISION of 10 February 2005 laying
  down rules implementing Decision No
• 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the
  Council concerning a mechanism for
• monitoring Community greenhouse gas emissions and
  for implementing the Kyoto Protocol
• 2005/166/EC)
• http//europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/site/e
  n/oj/2005/l_055/l_05520050301en00570091.pdf

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Evaluation of progress and reportingDecision
280/2004/EC establishing a mechanism for
monitoring GHG

• Annual assessment of the progress of the
  Community and its Member States (MS) (UNFCCC and
  the Kyoto Protocol)
• takes into account progress in Community policies
  and measures and information submitted by MS.
• Annual progress evaluation report to the European
  Parliament and the Council.
• projected emissions and removals
• policies and measures
• Bi-annual assessment of projected progress of the
  Community and its MS towards fulfilling their
  Kyoto commitments
• This year (2005) the Commission as well as the MS
  also submitted a report on the demonstration of
  progress achieved by 2005

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Reporting by MS (basic elements)Actual progress

• By 15th of January each year (X) MS report
• anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
  (X-2)
• provisional data on their emissions of CO, SO2,
  NOx and VOC during the year before last (X-2)
  together with final data for the year (X-3)
• anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and
  removals by sinks from LULUCF (X-2)
• accounting of emissions and removals from LULUCF
  activities (1990 to (X-2))
• information on indicators for various sectors for
  the year before last (X-2)

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Reporting by MS (basic elements)Projected
progress

• By 15th of March each year (X) MS report
  (bi-annual report) on
• National policies and measures on a sectoral
  basis for each GHG
• Objective of policies and measures, type of
  policy instrument
• Status of implementation of the policy or measure
• Indicators to monitor and evaluate progress with
  policies and measures over time
• Quantitative estimates of the effects of policies
  and measures on GHG emissions
• Information on domestic action, and the use of
  Joint Implementation (JI),Clean Development
  Mechanisms (CDM) and emissions trading (EU ETS)
• National projections of GHG emissions by sources
  and their removal by sinks by gas and sector
  (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020)
• With measures and with additional measures
  projections
• Identification of policies and measures included
• Results of sensitivity analysis
• Methodologies,models, assumptions etc.
• Information on measures being taken or planed for
  the implementation of relevant Community
  legislation and policies
• Information on institutional and financial
  arrangements to use the Kyoto flexible mechanisms

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Attaining the Communitys Kyoto target

• Projections show that the EU-15 will reach the
  reduction target of -8 with additional
  measures and with Kyoto Mechanisms
• EU-25 GHG emissions fell in all sectors since
  1990, except transport
• 2003 GHG emissions in the EU-15 are mainly due to
  the transformation and use of energy, including
  transport
• Growth in energy-related emissions is offset by
  reductions in emissions from non-energy related
  sources agriculture, waste, industrial processes

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Conclusions

• Solid monitoring system
• Continuous support and interaction with MS
• Open-door policy
• Transparency in reporting
• Co-operation enabled on all levels of monitoring
  and reporting

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More information

• European Commission climate website
• http//www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climat/h
  ome_en.htm