...You're Getting Sleepy...

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...You're Getting Sleepy...
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• Cyclical Bodily Functions
• Sleep and Wake Up Preferences
• Temperature, Blood Pressure
• Hormone Levels

Early Riser? Late Sleeper? Night Owl?
Circadian Rhythms
25-hour Cycles
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Entrainment
Alteration of the natural 25-hour cycle to fit a
24-hour day
Infants wake to be fed every 2 hours until they
entrain their rhythms to sleep through the night.

• Problems with Circadian Rhythms
• Shift Work (day, evening, night)
• Jet Lag

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3 Reasons for Sleeping 1. Physical and Mental
Recuperation new cell production at highest
rate chemicals replenished 2. Consolidated
thoughts and experiences high level of mental
activity nerve cells fire 5-10X more quickly
than when awake 3. Adaptation ancestors were
quiet, not roaming, when predators were out
SLEEP
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3 Reasons for Dreaming 1. Reorganize the
brain 2. Work out unsolved problems 3. Make sense
of random stimulation to the brain
dreams
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• SLEEPSTAGES
• 4 NREM, 1 REM
• defined based on differences in electrical
  activity in brain
• 90 minute cycle for all 5 stages (5-6X/night)

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• NREM Stages
• STAGE 1
• Heart rate slows further and muscle tension
  decreases.
• Light sleep, still in a transition phase.
  Sometimes associated with increased imagery.
• STAGE 2
• Body relaxes further. Stages 1 and 2 together
  last about 30 minutes.
• During this period a person may talk in his or
  her sleep.
• STAGE 3
• Transition into deep sleep. Stages 3 and 4 last
  about 30 minutes and occur during the first 2 to
  3 sleep cycles of the night.
• Complete sleep. Somewhat difficult to awaken.
• STAGE 4
• Considerable movement. Little perception of
  external sounds.
• Deeply asleep most difficult to awaken in this
  stage.

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90 minutes into sleep cycle return quickly to
stage 1 and then begin REM sleep. People appear
paralyzed, except for movement of the eyes
REM SLEEP
When awakened from REM sleep 85-90 of people
report that they were dreaming and can recall
contents of the dream. Periods of REM are longest
during the last sleep cycles of the night.
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SLEEP DISORDERS

• SLEEP APNEA
• sudden, regular breathing stoppages during sleep
• associated with snoring
• SLEEP WALKING
• may interact, talk with people
• occurs during NREM sleep
• no memory when awake
• INSOMNIA
• difficulty falling/staying asleep
• unrefreshed even after sufficient sleep
• causes include diet, exercise, sleep
  environment, worry/concern

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SLEEP DISORDERS

• SLEEP WALKING
• may interact, talk with people
• occurs during NREM sleep
• no memory when awake
• Question Is it dangerous to awaken a sleep
  walker???

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...SLEEP DISORDERS...

• HYPERSOMNIA
• chronic, excessive sleeping
• irresistible drowsiness, daytime napping
• difficult to wake
• It is not healthy to sleep more than 11 hours a
  day
• SIDS
• death under 1 year unexplained after
  investigation
• usually occurs during infants sleep
• REM BEHAVIOR DISORDER
• act out dream activity
• can endanger self

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...SLEEP DISORDERS

• NARCOLEPSY
• falling asleep sudden, unpredictable,
  uncontrollable
• sudden loss of muscle control
• possible biological basis
• NIGHT TERRORS (a devil on your back)
• NREM stage 4 terrified, eyes open but not awake
• when awakened still afraid but dont know why
• Happens to children a lot
• NIGHTMARES
• during REM sleep
• long, movie-like frightening dreams

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Sleep-Smart Tips Sleep is food for the
brain Get enough of it Even mild sleepiness
can hurt your performance Lack of sleep can
make you tired, depressed, irritable, angry
Establish a regular bed and wake time schedule,
and maintain it during weekends and vacations.
Don't stray from your schedule frequently, and
never do so for two or more consecutive nights.
Avoid delaying your bedtime by more than one
hour, awaken the next day within two hours of
your regular schedule if you are sleepy during
the day, take an early afternoon nap.
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Learn how much sleep you need to function at your
best. You should awaken refreshed, not tired.
Most adolescents need between 8.5 and 9.25 hours
of sleep each night. How much sleep do you
need?????
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Get into bright light as soon as possible in the
morning, but avoid it in the evening. The light
helps to signal to the brain when it should wake
up and when it should prepare to sleep.
Understand your circadian rhythm and maximize
your schedule throughout the day according to
your internal clock. Compensate for your sleepy
times by participating in stimulating activities
or classes that are interactive, and avoid
lecture classes or potentially unsafe activities,
including driving.
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Tips for Sleeping

• After noon, stay away from coffee, caffeinated
  cola, and nicotine, which are all stimulants.
  Also avoid alcohol, which disrupts sleep.

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• Relax before going to bed. Avoid heavy reading,
  studying, and computer games within one hour of
  going to bed. Don't fall asleep with the
  television on -- flickering light and stimulating
  content can inhibit restful sleep. Avoid working
  night hours. If you work until 930 pm, for
  example, you will need to plan time to "chill
  out" before going to sleep.

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FREUD JUNG ADLER
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DREAMSOur repressed desires, fears,
conflictsin symbolic or disguised form MANIFEST
CONTENT actual dream events LATENT CONTENT
hidden symbolic meaning Must be interpreted in
context of individual dreamer or conflict
Freudian Dream Analysis
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Dont you think these interpretations say as much
about Freud as they do about the Dreamer? King
and Queen Parents Small Animals
Children Playing with Children
Masturbation Baldness and Tooth Extraction
Castration Falling Desiring to return to a
satisfying/protected state (e.g.
childhood) Bathing Birth Beginning a Journey
Dying Naked in a Crowd Wanting to be
Noticed Flying Wanting to be Admired
First, the fun ones Driving Cars, Riding Horses,
Crossing Bridges, Steps, Ladders, StaircasesSEX
(what else, this is Freud, after all.) Candles,
Snakes, Tree Trunks and other elongated
objectsYou guessed it, the PENIS Boxes,
Balconies, Doors and any enclosed spacesAnother
big surprise, the VAGINA Smooth-Fronted
Housesthe MALE BODY House with Ledges and
Balconiesthe FEMALE BODY
FREUDIAN SYMBOLS
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CARL JUNG
Dreams Are More Than Unconscious Wishes
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2 Functions of Dreams PROSPECTIVE help prepare
for experiences or events anticipated in near
future COMPENSATORY balance opposites in psyche,
compensate for over-development in psychic
structure
Dream Analysisin Series uncover themes, issues
and problems from persistent dream material
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Repeated association with responses to initial
element until theme emerges
Develops string of associations leading from
original dream element
AMPLIFICATION vs. FREE-ASSOCIATION
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He may have the CIGAR but hes no FREUD!
ALFRED ADLER
Dream Analysis
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Our dreams reveal how we feel about current life
problems in order to help solve those problems
Dreams are oriented toward the PRESENT and
FUTURE, not unresolved, past conflicts
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• Adler on Dreams
• Unique to individuals manifestation of
  lifestyle
• Analysis requires information about dreamers
  life

Common Interpretations Falling afraid of losing
self-esteem or prestige Flying upward striving,
ambitious, wants to be above others Both fear
of being too ambitious and failing Chased fear
of weakness in relation to others Naked fear of
giving self away
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