All About the Internet

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All About the Internet

• Lesson1 Into the Internet

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Objectives

• Define the Internet
• Describe how the Internet is used
• Discuss the history of the Internet and theWorld
  Wide Web
• Describe how individuals and businesses connect
  to the Internet

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Defining the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide network of computers
  that allows individual and business users to
  share information and other resources
• The Internet is an interconnected network of
  networks where each Internet host has a number of
  other computers connected to it
• Users who connect to the Internet to access
  information are online

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The Internet is a worldwide network of networks.
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Using the Internet

• The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every
  aspect of life by revolutionizing how individuals
  and businesses
• Access information and electronic files
• Communication personally and professionally
• Shop for products and services
• Share resources

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People use the Internet for many different
purposes.
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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities
• Browsing and searching for information on the
  World Wide Web (Web)
• Communicating with others via e-mail, chat,
  newsgroups, and mailing lists
• Downloading and uploading files
• Logging on to remote computers
• Conducting business activities
• Blogging

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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities the Web
• Web pages created using HTML or Web authoring
  software and connected by hyperlinks
• Web site groups of related Web pages
• College, university, corporate, retail,
  non-profit, personal
• Web server computer on which Web pages are
  stored

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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities - Web (cont'd)
• Web browser software used to view Web pages
• Used to browse or "surf" the Web

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Web sites include college and university,
corporate, retail, non-profit, and personal sites.
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Web pages are connected by text or graphic
hyperlinks.
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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities (cont'd)
• Search tools
• Web-based resource to help find specific
  information on the Web

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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities (cont'd)
• E-mail - sending messages and files over a local
  computer network or the Internet
• Instant messaging exchanging brief real-time
  messages with others on the Internet
• Chat real-time online discussions between two
  or more individuals
• Mailing lists online newsletters
• Newsgroups online bulletin boards
• Weblogs (blogs) Internet diaries

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The Internet offers several ways for people to
communicate.
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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities (cont'd)
• Downloading and uploading files using FTP to
  send or retrieve electronic files from a server
• Music, video, data
• Logging on to a remote computer using Telnet to
  log on to a remote computer to use its computing
  power

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FTP is used to download and upload files.
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Using the Internet (cont'd)

• Internet Activities (cont'd)
• Conducting business activities
• E-commerce
• E-business models
• B2C
• B2B
• B2E
• C2C

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History of the Internet

• Origins in ARPANET
• Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote
  computer and scientific research (1958)
• J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information
  research (1962)
• Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching
  (1966)
• ARPANET prototype network connecting ARPA and
  university research centers (1969)

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History of the Internet (cont'd)

• Growth and Development of ARPANET
• Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971)
• Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or
  protocol for communications over a network TCP
  and IP (1972)
• Beyond Research, to the Public
• NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985)
• Congress authorized commercial activity on the
  NSFnet (1992)
• NSFnet moved connections to commercial network
  providers (1995)

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The ATT Backbone.
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History of the Internet (cont'd)

• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web
• Gopher at University of Minnesota
• Directory-based system
• Made it easier to find documents on
  Internet-connected servers

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History of the Internet (cont'd)

• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
• Tim Berners-Lee (1991)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• First Web browser and Web server
• Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)
• MOSAIC browser
• Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)
• Netscape Communications and Netscape Navigator
  browser

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Berners-Lees original WorldWideWeb browser and
HTML documents.
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History of the Internet (cont'd)

• The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
• New research networks
• Internet2 (I2)
• CANARIE

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Connecting to the Internet

• Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
• Provide access to the Internet
• Considerations for choosing an ISP
• Speed and type of connection desired
• Cost of service
• Availability of customer service and technical
  support

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Thousands of local, regional, and national ISPs
offer a variety of services.
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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods
• Dial-up
• Computer uses standard telephone lines and a
  modem to access the Internet
• Mostly home users

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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods (cont'd)
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• An always on high-speed Internet connection
  over standard telephone lines
• Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire
  into data and voice
• Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion
  by outsiders
• Home
• Businesses

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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods (cont'd)
• Cable
• An always on high-speed Internet connection
  over cable TV lines
• Cable modem and line splitter required
• Firewall protection needed

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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods (cont'd)
• Fixed wireless connections
• Microwave
• Line-of-sighttransmission

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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods (cont'd)
• Fixed wireless connections (cont'd)
• One way or two way satellite transmissions

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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods (cont'd)
• Mobile Wireless
• Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect
  to networks
• Wireless access point hardware that connects
  wireless devices to a network
• Hotspot specific geographic location in which a
  wireless access point provides public Internet
  access

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Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)

• Connection Methods (cont'd)
• Mobile Wireless (cont'd)
• GSM/GPRS card installed in a computer to allow it
  to connect to a wireless network
• Cell phones, PDAs, tablet PCs can connect to the
  Internet
• High-Speed Business Connections
• Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic
  cable such as a T1 line connected to their local
  area network to provide Internet access to
  employees

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Chapter Review

• The Internet is a worldwide network of networks
• The Internet allows individuals to communicate,
  access information, and purchase products and
  services from online stores or other individuals
• Businesses use the Internet and the Web to
  conduct a variety of business transactions

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Chapter Review (cont'd)

• The Internet has its origins in ARPANET, a
  research network developed by ARPA under the
  auspices of the Department of Defense
• Scientists developed and used packet switching
  technologies and the TCP and IP protocols that
  allow communications over and between networks

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Chapter Review (cont'd)

• Some scientists instrumental in the development
  of early network technologies
• J. C. R. Licklider concept of Internet
• Leonard Kleinrock packet switching
• Robert Kahn TCP and IP protocols
• Vinton Cerf TCP and IP protocols
• Ray Tomlinson e-mail

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Chapter Review (cont'd)

• The Web is a subset of the Internet consisting of
  Web pages containing text and multimedia content
• Related Web pages are grouped together in a Web
  site
• Web pages are stored on a Web server
• Web pages are viewed with a Web browser
• Web pages are linked together via hyperlinks
• Tim Berners-Lee is the father of the Web

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Chapter Review (cont'd)

• The National Science Foundation (NSF) developed
  NSFnet to replace ARPANET
• NSF turned research and commercial portions of
  NSFnet over to commercial network providers
  creating the Internet as we know it today

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Chapter Review (cont'd)

• Home computers can be connected to the Internet
  via
• Dial-up telephone access
• DSL high-speed telephone access
• Cable access
• Fixed wireless connections
• DSL and cable access are always on connections
• Should be protected by a firewall

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Chapter Review (cont'd)

• When choosing an ISP, key considerations include
  the cost of the equipment and monthly
  subscription, as well as the connection speed
• Businesses require high speeds and large capacity
  lines such as T1, T3, or other fiber-optic
  connections from local area network to their
  Internet Service Provider (ISP)

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Lesson 1 Complete

• All About the Internet