The Rise of Realism The Civil War to 1914

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The Rise of RealismThe Civil War to 1914
Feature Menu
Interactive Time Line Milestone Sojourner
Truth Milestone Westward Expansion
Milestone The Civil War Milestone The Rise
of Realism Milestone Tuskegee Institute
Milestone The Red Badge of Courage What Have You
Learned?
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The Rise of Realism
Choose a link on the time line to go to a
milestone.
1850 Sojourner Truth
1895 The Red Badge of Courage
18611865 The Civil War
18651914 The Rise of Realism
1870
1860
1890
1900
1880
1850
1881 Tuskegee Institute
18601900 Westward Expansion
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Sojourner Truth
Abolitionist and Activist

• Born a slave freed in 1827

• Changed name to reflect mission as traveling
  preacher

• c. 1850Dictated Narrative of Sojourner Truth

• 1851Delivered Aint I a Woman? speech

Listen to an excerpt of Aint I a Woman?
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Westward Expansion
Changing the West Forever

• 1862Homestead Act promises 160 acres of land to
  each family of settlers.

• 1869Transcontinental railroad is completed.

• 1871Indian Appropriation Act nullifies all
  treaties with American Indians.

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The Civil War
Multiple Causes

• War resulted from decades of sectional conflict.

• South produced cash crops for the North.

• South depended on North for financial,
  manufacturing, commercial services.

• South relied on nearly 4 million slaves as its
  labor force.

• North valued power of federal government South
  believed in states rights.

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The Civil War
New Forms of Warfare

• Infantry carried new, more accurate rifles.

• Cavalry riders faced certain death attacking
  infantry.

• Toll of frontal and cavalry assaults led to use
  of trench warfare.

• More than 600,000 soldiers died.

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The Civil War
End of Slavery

• Emancipation Proclamation declared that slaves in
  Confederate states were free.

• Thirteenth Amendment freed all slaves in the U.S.

• Even though slaves had been freed, fight for
  equality was just beginning.

Deep River
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The Civil War
Harriet Tubman

• Was a fugitive slave herself

• Was a conductor on the Underground Railroad
  made nineteen trips into slave territory,
  rescuing more than three hundred people

• Served as a Union scout and spy during the Civil
  War

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The Civil War
Underground Railroad

• Was a network of abolitionists who helped escaped
  slaves reach the North

• Helped approximately 40,000 slaves reach freedom
  between 1810 and 1850

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The Civil War
Literature

• The primary forms of war literature were journals
  and letters.

• None of the prominent writers of the time served
  in the war.

• The horror of war required a new literary
  formrealism.

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The Civil War
Prominent Writers

• Ralph Waldo Emerson was in Concord,
  Massachusetts, knitting for soldiers and writing
  patriotic lectures.

• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was raising his
  children after his wifes death.

• Oliver Wendell Holmes was working as a professor
  at Harvard.

• William Cullen Bryant was working as editor of
  the New York Evening Post.

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The Rise of Realism
Realists New View of the World

• Rejected larger-than-life hero of Romantic
  literature

• Depicted ordinary characters and realistic events

• Emphasized characters from cities and lower
  classes

• Sought to explain why people behave as they do

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The Rise of Realism
Regionalism
Kate Chopin

• Emphasized a specific geographic setting

• Often sentimental in depictions of characters and
  locations

• Prominent authors Sarah Orne Jewett, Kate
  Chopin, Bret Harte, Mark Twain

Mark Twain
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The Rise of Realism
Naturalism
Frank Norris

• Attempted to analyze human behavior objectively

• Believed human behavior determined by heredity
  and environment

• Viewed life as a losing battle against the
  universe

• Prominent authors William Dean Howells, Frank
  Norris

William Dean Howells
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The Rise of Realism
Psychological Realism
Henry James

• Focused on character motivation and characters at
  moments of stress

• Studied complex social and psychological
  situations

• Prominent authors Henry James, Stephen Crane

Stephen Crane
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Tuskegee Institute
Booker T. Washington

• Founded Tuskegee Institute, which had 1,500
  students at the time of his death

• Believed interests of African Americans were best
  served through vocational education

• Generated controversy by supporting economic,
  rather than political progress

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The Red Badge of Courage
Stephen Crane

• Published The Red Badge of Courage in 1895

• Born six years after end of war

• Based writings on stories told by veterans

• Considered psychological realist, naturalist, and
  ironist

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What Have You Learned?
Indicate whether the following statements refer
to the time before, during, or after the Civil
War.
______ Tuskegee Institute is founded. ______
Sojourner Truth dictates her Narrative. ______
Homestead Act gives 160 acres to each family of
settlers. ______ Stephen Crane publishes The Red
Badge of Courage.
after
before
during
after
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The End
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Viewing the Art
Home, Sweet Home Winslow Homer (18361910)
painted realistic scenes of American life. Homer
followed the Union army during its campaign
against the South.
Activity What details in Homers painting
support the irony suggested in the title, Home,
Sweet Home?
Home Sweet Home
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Winslow Homer began his career as a lithographer
and pictorial reporter, winning fame for his
illustrations of Civil War scenes for Harpers
Weekly, a popular magazine.