Bez tytulu slajdu

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Functions of blood
1. Conveying nutrients 2. Eliminating waste
products 3. Carring oxygen and carbon
dioxide 4. Regulating body temperature 5. Maintain
ing acid-base balance
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BLOOD CELLS PLASMA

• Erythrocytes
• Leukocytes
• Platelets

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Sol state
Gel state
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Plasma proteins

• Albumins
• Globulins
• Fibrinogen

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Red blood cells erythrocytes

• M 5 million/mm3
• F 4 million/mm3
• diameter 7.5µm
• biconcave shaped disks
• devoid of organelles and nucleus
• immature forms reticulocytes 1 of
  erythrocytes
• lifetime 120 days
• function transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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Platelets

• 150 000 300 000 per 1 mm3 of blood
• cell fragments devoid of nucleus
• contain granules, mitochondria, glycogen
• life span 14 days
• function promote blood clotting

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• Types of granules
• Alpha granules contain factors that facilitate
  platelet aggregation and coagulation of blood
• Delta granules - contain factors that facilitate
  platelet aggregation, adhesion and
  vasoconstriction
• Lambda granules (lysosomes) contain
  hydrolytic enzymes

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White blood cells (leukocytes) 4 000 10 000 /
1 mm3

• 1. Granulocytes contain specific granules and
  nonspecific (azurophilic) granules
• Neutrophils 60
• Eosinophils 2-5
• Basophils 1
• 2. Agranulocytes contain only nonspecific
  (azurophilic) granules
• Monocytes 3-8
• Lymphocytes 25-35

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• IMMATURE FORM
• unsegmented nucleus
• present when demand
• for neutrophils increases

• MATURE FORM
• 3 -lobed nucleus
• present in normal
• conditions

• OLD FORM
• hipersegmented nucleus
• present wnen production
• of neutrophils decreases

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Neutrophils

• 60 of leukocytes
• diameter 12 15µm
• segmented nucleus
• 2 types of granules
• specyfic granules lysozyme, lactoferrin,
  collagenase
• azurophilic granules
• function phagocytosis, killing microorganisms
• life span 6 hours in blood ? 1 4 days in
  tissue

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Eosinophils

• 2 5 of leukocytes
• diameter 10 15µm
• bilobed nucleus
• 2 types of granules
• specyfic granules
• major basic protein
• eosinophil cationic protein
• eosinophilic peroxidase
• histaminase
• arylsulfatase
• azurophilic granules
• function
• a) defense against parasites
• b) modulation of response in allergic reactions
• c) phagocytosis

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Basophils

• 1 of leukocytes
• diameter 12 15µm
• lobulated nucleus
• 2 types of granules
• specyfic granules
• histamine
• heparin
• chemotactic factors
• nonspecyfic (azurophilic) granules
• function
• a) play role in hypersensivity and anaphylaxis
• b) regulate and modulate inflammatory responses

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Monocytes

• 3 8 of leukocytes
• diameter 12 20 µm
• kidneyshaped nucleus
• belong to agranulocytes
• differentiate into macrophages in tissue
• function
• a) phagocytosis
• b) producing cytokines and activating
  inflammatory responses
• c) acting as antigen-presenting cells

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Mononuclear phagocyte system

• Histiocytes connective tissue
• Microglia CNS
• Osteoclasts bone
• Kupffer cells liver
• Alvealar macrophages

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Lymphocytes

• 25 35 of leukocytes
• diameter 6 10µm
• spherical nucleus
• belong to agranulocytes
• function create the immune system
• T lymphocytes humoral immunity
• B lymphocytes cellular immune responses

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Bone marrow

• Red bone marrow active
• Yellow bone marrow inactive

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Red bone marrow
Sinusoidal capillaries
Stroma (reticular tissue)
Hemopoietic cords
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Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) - characteristics

• Great potential
• Ability to self renewal
• Ability to migrate with a bloodstream

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Hematopoietic cells
Stem cell
Progenitor cells
Precursor cells
Mature cells

• Ability for self reneval
• cant be recognized morfologically

• Limited ability for self reneval
• cant be recognized morfologically

• No ability for self reneval
• can be distinguished morfologically

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Progenitor cells CFU( colony forming units)

• Lymphoid - CFU
• Myeloid - CFU
• Granulocyte Macrophage - CFU
• Eosinophil - CFU
• Basophil - CFU
• Megakaryocyte - CFU
• Erythroid - CFU

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STEM CELLS
PROGENITOR CELLS
PRECURSOR CELLS
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STEM CELLS
PROGENITOR CELLS
PRECURSOR CELLS
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STEM CELLS
PROGENITOR CELLS
PRECURSOR CELLS
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