Stratification:

1
Stratification

• Race and Ethnicity

2
Minority

• A subgroup that does not share equally in power
  and desirable resources of society
• Distinctive cultural or physical features
• May become an in-group

3

• Race
• Varies across cultures and historical periods
• Ethnicity

4
Races/Ethnicities in the U.S. 2004 census
5
Soc. 134 Racial/Ethnic Background(Percentage)
6
Racism

• The belief that one racial group is innately
  superior or inferior to another

7
Prejudice

• Prejudging
• Can be positive or negative
• Not subject to refutation by facts

8
Stereotype

• A short hand simplified conception of members of
  a category

9
Discrimination

• To choose or make a distinction
• May be based on prejudice, but not always

10
Forms of Discrimination

• Annihilation (ethnic cleansing)
• Expulsion

11
Forms of Discrimination

• Segregation
• Denial of opportunity, respect, dignity

12
Percent in Poverty by Race 2002U.S. Bureau of
the Census 2003
13
Is Having a Black Name Associated with
Discrimination?

• 100 years ago, the 20 most popular names were
  largely the same for Blacks and Whites.
• In one study of CA births, 40 of Black girls had
  names that were not given to a single White girl.
  (Fryer and Levitt)

14
What is the impact of having a name with a
distinctive racial tag?

• Experiment --- responded to 1300 job want ads
  with same resumes with White sounding female
  names or Black sounding female names. (Bertrand
  and Mullainathan)
• White names got
• Black names got
• Carrie and Kristen had call-back rate of

15
Racial Discrimination is No Longer a Problem in
the U.S. (Soc. 134)
16
Theoretical Explanations

• Functionalism

17
Conflict

• Scapegoatism and other mechanisms to enhance
  group solidarity used by the powerful to
• Increase the surplus labor pool

18

• Divide and prevail over less powerful

19
Symbolic Interactionism

• Self fulfilling nature of stereotypes

20
Consider Mrs. Elliots 3rd Grade

• The minority group was marked by wearing
  collars
• Created a disparaging image of minority group

21
After one day

• Privileged group was able to do math problems
  they could not do before, cut two minutes off the
  time it took to do phonics flash cards.