IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please read first

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IMPORTANT NOTICE Please read first!

• DISCLAIMER
• The following translated document originates from
  Brazil, is based on Brazilian data and
  experience, and was developed by EMBRAPA for
  Brazilian farmers. Aspects of SBR development and
  fungicide efficacy comparisons may not be the
  same under U.S. and Brazilian conditions.
  Similarly, certain control measures suggested by
  Brazilian officials reflect the unique SBR
  situation in Brazil, as well as year-round
  soybean production in certain parts of that
  country. Therefore, do not use this information
  for making fungicide purchasing or SBR control
  decisions in the U.S. Instead, use control
  measures developed by your states Land Grant
  University scientists. Be advised that fungicide
  product names for the same active ingredient and
  manufacturer are typically different for Brazil
  and the U.S. however,  the common names for the
  active ingredient (such as tebuconazole or
  propiconazole or azoxystrobin) are the same in
  both countries.
• For more information or clarification about the
  translated document, contact
• D. Hershman
• Extension Plant Pathologist
• University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY
• dhershma_at_uky.edu

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SOYBEAN RUST Identification Management Control
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History 1902 first report in
Japan 1914 in southeast Asia 1976 -
Puerto Rico 1979 - Lavras, MG - Dr. Josué
Deslandes 1990 - Uganda, Kenya and
Rwuanda 1998 - Zimbabwe 2001 -
Paraguai and Brazil 2002 Argentina
2003 - Bolivia 2004 Uruguai,Colombia and
USA

• Up to 1992 only one species identified as
  soybean rust
• Phakopsora pachyrhizi
• In 1992 found a 2nd species causing rust on
  soybean
• P. meibomiae American rust
• P. pachyrhizi Asian rust

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Soybean rust around the world

• 2004

1996
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Evolution of soybean rust in Brazil 2000/2004
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2001/02
2000/01
2002/03
2003/04
Actual status
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Cruzaltinha, RS 2002
BRS 154
3.015 kg/ha
1.632 kg/ha
Losses 46
treated
Control
3.022 kg/ha
2.344 kg/ha
BRS 153
Losses 23
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São Desidério, BA - 2003
3550 kg/ha
1470 kg/ha
Losses 58
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Treated
Control
Pirapó, Paraguai 2001
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Losses Crop Season 2003/04

• Fungicides spray US 860 million
• 2. Yield taxes US 1.2 billion
• 3. Total US 2.06 billion

Cost of Fungicides US 30/ha (1 spray)
Lazzaroto Roessing, 2004
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Consortium anti-rust Disease identification,
management and control
Capacitation of 100,000 farmers in 2005
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Initial Symptoms
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(No Transcript)
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Soybean Rust Typical symptomstiny dark brown
lesions leaves become yellow and falls.
J.T. Yorinori
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Soybean rust Symptoms are easily identified
againts bright background
J.T. Yorinori
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Soybean Rust Diagnosis is confirmed through
observation of small blisters on the underside
of soybean leaves.
C.V. Godoy
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(No Transcript)
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Soybean Rust 30 X lens to observe uredias in the
leaf
J.T. Yorinori
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uredias
W.M. Paiva
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First detection in Brazil Foz do Iguaçu, PR -
2001
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Symptoms Evolution And Defoliation
5-7 days after inoculation
J.T. Yorinori
Bright background
J.T. Yorinori
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9 Days after inoculation
J.T. Yorinori
Bright background
J.T. Yorinori
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25 days after inoculation Yellowing and
defoliation
J.T. Yorinori
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Initial symptons ocurred in R1-R2
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Early defoliation due to Asian Rust
São Desidério/ BA - J.T. Yorinori
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MATO GROSSO
Primavera do Leste, MT 21.02.03
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MATO GROSSO
Primavera do Leste, MT 21.02.03
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• Rust on the cotyledons - rare

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• Rust on the stems uncomon

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• Rust on the pods - rare

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Etiology
desease
Cycle 5-7 (9-11) days
time
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Spore germination pattern
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development
Free water on leaf surface Minimum 6
h Optimun12 - 14 h
Direct penetration through stomata
Infection
Symptoms show up 5 days after inoculation
Germination (optimun 180C 260C) Penetration
Reproduction
M. Iamauti
G.N.Agrios
W.M.Paiva
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Disease misidentification
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Brown spot Septoria glycines
J.T. Yorinori
J.T. Yorinori
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Bacterial blight Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.
glycinea
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Downy mildew Peronospora manshurica
Soybean rust
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Bacterial pustule Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
glycines
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End of Part 1

• Part 2 continues with Scouting and SBR Disease
  Control and Management
• Click this link to be taken to part 2 (the
  conclusion) of this presentation
• http//www.uky.edu/Ag/Agronomy/Department/sbr/reso
  urces/consortiumnEnglishPart2.htm