American History Unit II U.S. Foreign Affairs

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American HistoryUnit II- U.S. Foreign Affairs

• World War II
• Chapter 26- Clouds of War
• Section 1- Foreign Affairs 1933-1939

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Reading Quiz
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Conditions in German that paved the way for
Hitler.

• The people had little faith in the weak existing
  democratic government.
• A multiparty system hindered the growth of a
  strong center party.
• Fear of the Communists was widespread (this is
  very important).
• Many Germans wanted to avenge the defeat they had
  suffered in World War I.
• Germany was plagued by unemployment, severe
  inflation, and depression- all of which the Nazis
  promised to remedy.
• The German middle class hungered for stability,
  even at the cost of liberty.
• The police and military high command offered no
  serious opposition when the Nazis used strong arm
  methods to gain control.

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Threats to Peace

• The rise of Hitler
• Austrian drop out and failed artist
• WWI- German soldier wounded and gassed.
• Joins Social Workers party and reshapes it into
  NAZI.
• Scapegoat- jews
• 1923 Beer Hall Putsch in Bavaria- Hitler goes to
  jail and writes Mein Kampf. 800 page Nazi bible
• Big Lie
• Third Riech- Germany that would last a thousand
  years.

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Japanese-American relations

• Military leaders had taken over rule in Japan.
• 1931 Japan seizes Manchuria.
• 1937 attacks China, the bombing of Shanghai and
  the Nanjing Massacre. Western Democracies spoke
  up but did not act for fear of starting war.
• Japan sinks US gunboat Panay on the Yangtze River
  in China. Japan apologizes and paid 2 million.
• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- 1940

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FDR and neutrality

• FDR warned America about war and that the US
  could not be a mere spectator. He wanted
  quarantine, but did not get it
• Pacifists- never go to war for any reason.
• Isolationists- fence off the New World and keep
  the war out.
• 5th Columnists- German agents operating inside
  the United States waiting to become active.
• Nazi sympathizers- Italian and German immigrants
  and American Nazi.
• Defeatists- We can not possible defeat them.
  (Lindbergh)
• Hate England Crowd such as the Irish.
• Business as usual- businesses profiting from the
  war. Arms manufacturers and bankers profit
  either way.
• Appeasers- Give in to Hitlers demands

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U.S. Neutrality Acts

• Tydings-McDuffie Act 1934- provided for the
  independence of the Philippines by 1946.
• 1935- FDR recommends the US join the World Court-
  isolationists say no.
• 1935-1936 Neutrality Acts- US citizens travel at
  own risk to Belligerent nations, shipment of arms
  barred to Spain during civil war (this helped the
  fascists.).
• 1937- Sales to belligerents, but only on cash
  and carry basis.- law embargoed munitions and
  possibly other exports the President saw fit.
• 1937 amendment would have prevented Congress from
  declaring war without first submitting the
  question to a popular vote. It was never
  submitted.
• These laws did not block the world from going to
  war.

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Hitler comes to power

• Hitler and Nazis take over govt
• German parliament with many parties. Split
• World Depression
• Government made him chancellor before he could
  take over on his own.
• Hitler master of radio.
• Thugs, SA and SS
• Propoganda
• Hitler is a german god.
• Concentration Camps

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Other world powers

• Stalin - USSR
• Labor camps in Siberia
• Oppression and purges
• farm takeovers
• Japan- army leaders take over control bent on
  expanding the country.
• Japan in Korea and Manchuria
• Italians- Fascist Mussolini want to create a new
  Roman Empire.
• 1935- Invasion of Ethiopia
• Italians and Germans support Spain- Fascist
  Franco.
• Germany moves into Rhineland

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FDR - Good Neighbor Policy

• A good neighbor is one who respects himself and
  his neighbors.
• Our new Latin American policy
• 1934- Cuba sovereign nation
• 1938- Mexico expropriates all of the oil fields
  in Mexico. Settled peacefully.
• U.S. to treat Latin Americans as equals.

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SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN GERMANY 1933-1945

• 1933
• Jan. 30- Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany
• Apr 1- National boycott of Jewish stores
• Apr 26- Creation of the Gestapo, secret police.
• Nov 12- Reichstag elections 93 vote for Nazis
• 1934
• Aug 19- Hitler's powers extended by vote of
  people.
• 1935
• Sept 15-Nuremberg Laws deprive Jews of German
  citizenship. Marriage between Jews and other
  Germans is made illegal.
• 1936
• Oct 25- Alliance formed with Italy and Japan
• Dec 1- Law passed making Hitler Youth a State
  agency Hitler takes the Rhineland.
• 1938
• March - Hitler invades and annexes Austria.
  Occupies the Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia.
• Nov 9- "Kristallnacht"-Jewish synagogues and
  stores Destroyed. Jews fined heavily for damages.
  Jews expelled from German schools.
• Dec 6- Non-aggression pact signed with Germany
  and France

• 1939
• March- Hitler seizes the rest of the
  Czechoslovakia.
• Aug 23-Soviet-German non aggression pact signed.
• Sept 1-Germany invades Poland, start WW II.
• 1940
• German Jews beginning to be taken into custody
  and deported to concentration camps.
• Apr 9- Hitler invades Denmark and Norway.
• June 14- Hitler seizes Paris and controls all of
  France.
• 1941
• Beginning of the "Final Solution". Jews may not
  leave their homes without police permission.
• June 22- Germany invades Russia.
• 1942 t
• Jews forbidden to use public transportation.
• 1943
• Feb 2- Soviet army takes Stalingrad.
• March- Germany loses control of N. Africa.
• 1944
• June 6- D-Day - Allies land in France.
• Dec 16 Battle of the Bulge, German last try.

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Hitler on the march

• Lebensraum- Living Room, -all people of German
  blood in Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.
• 1938- March- Hitler invades Austria then
  Sudetenland. The Czech hoped other nations would
  aid them- did not happen.
• Munich Conference- Chamberlain of England,
  Daladier of France met with Hitler and Mussolini
  at Munich, Germany. Sept. 28, 1938 they agreed
  to dismember Czechoslovakia and appease Hitler.
  Chamberlains said, Peace in our time.
• November 1938- Hitler increases brutal treatment
  of Jews.
• March 1939- Hitler seizes rest of Czechoslovakia-
  Appeasement failed.
• April 7, 1939- Italy invades Albania.
• Isolationists in Congress still block all of FDR
  attempts to aid the allies.

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Problems with Japan

• July 26, 1939- Because of the siezure of
  Manchuria by Japan in 1931m the attack of China
  in 1937 and the Panay Incident, the U.S. tells
  Japan
• U.S. would end the Japanese-American Commercial
  Treaty
• U.S. will stop sale of war materials to Japan.
  Japan was invading China with those arms.

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War Comes to Europe

• The Munich appeasement made Hitler want more.
• Signs as Non-aggression pact with Russia- which
  secretly gave Germany western Poland.
• Sept. 1, 1939 Hitler invades Poland.
• Sept. 3, 1939 England and France declare war on
  Germany.
• Sept. 17, 1939 Stalins armies move into Eastern
  Poland.

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U.S. Reaction- Neutrality

• FDR does not ask the American People to be
  neutral in thought and deed.
• He invoked the Neutrality Act of 1937.
• FDR got Congress to pass the Neutrality Act of
  1939 which helped the allies by repealing the
  arms embargo.