CM2502 EBusiness

1
CM2502 E-Business

• Mobile Services

2
Mobile Services

• Desktop restrictions
• Mobile technologies
• Bluetooth
• WAP
• Summary

3
Desktop restrictions

• Internet opens up access to millions of sites
• Browser can walk down virtual high street
• Massive opportunities for opening new markets
  through e-business
• BUT
• Internet access through a fixed device (PC)

4
Mobility and access

• If we can access the internet without using fixed
  devices
• information can be provided in many environments
• information can be more current
• e-business market could be extended further
• How do we mobilise the internet?

5
Bluetooth

• short range, wireless link
• allows ad-hoc connections between
• mobile phone
• portable computer
• printer
• mouse
• headset
• low power radio, 10-100m range max
• 2.4 GHz licence-free, frequency-hopping to avoid
  interference

6
Bluetooth
Cellular (GPRS, 3G)
Packet Data Infrastructure
Applications VoIP, browsing, multimedia Addresses
connectivity and convenience issues for wireless
data
Bluetooth
7
Wireless Application Protocol

• addresses issues higher up the protocol stack
• data links on wireless networks are lower than
  wired networks
• radio spectrum (bandwidth) limited
• internet applications not designed with wireless
  links in mind
• wireless links less reliable

8
Wireless Application Protocol cont.

• wireless devices limited in power (batteries)
• compromised features
• small keypad/keyboard
• small display
• limited data storage
• standard IP cannot be used with mobile devices
  efficiently - in some cases not possible at all
  (800 x 600 page on a mobile in true colour)

9
WAP
WAP
IP
Cellular (GPRS, SMS)
Packet Data Infrastructure
WAP Gateway
Provides translation between WAP and IP
Applications Banking, e-business, weather, news
10
Bluetooth technology
access to LAN
2.4 GHz Licence-free
laptop
cellular network
1600 frequency hops per second
mobile phone
Low Tx power, low cost, battery operation
mouse
printer
symmetric and assymetric connections
laptop
replaces proprietary cables that connect
devices together
11
Establishing a connection

• two units within range can set up a connection
  (piconet)
• share a channel
• unit that initiates connection is master
• other unit assumes role of slave
• any unit can be a master or a slave
• can only be one master in a piconet

12
Establishing a connection cont.

• before connection, each unit in standby
• scanning frequencies every 1.28 secs
• keeps power demands low
• after initiation, full duty cycle implemented
• communicates using 2.4 GHz wavelength
• global compatibility
• two bands available 23 channels and 79 channels
• selected by software depending on geography

13
Bluetooth Applications

• automatic synchronisation of email, calendar,
  telephone book, smartcard data
• 3-in-1 phone
• home cordless phone - when in proximity of home
  base unit
• business cordless phone - use internal network
• conventional cellular phone
• cordless headset
• mobile computer conferencing
• automatic tolling - quite controversial!

14
WAP Technology

• Massive growth in Internet usage
• Rapid growth in mobile voice/data services
• Everyone has a mobile!
• Data transfer rates limited

15
Key features

• licence-free standard of adapting internet
  technology to meet wireless constraints
• Wireless Markup Language (WML) for authoring
• optimised protocol stack based on HTTP and TCP
• usable over a broad range of cellular data bearers

16
Architecture
HTML JavaScript
Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
WML used here
Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
HTTP
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
TLS SSL
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
Wireless Diagram Protocol (WDP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
TCP/IP UDP/IP
Bearers SMS, GPRS, 3G etc.
17
Internet Model
Web Server
Client
HTTP Request (URL)
Web Browser
The Internet
HTTP Response (HTML)
IP Stack
Internet Protocols
18
WAP Model
WAP Gateway
Wireless Network
Client
Web Server
HTTP Request (URL)
Encode/decode
WAP user agents
WSP Request (URL)
Protocol conversion
WSP Response (WML)
WAP Protocol stack
HTTP Response (WML)
WAP Protocol
Internet Protocol
19
Whats so special about WAP?

• WML is binary encoded so compact over airwaves
• Extensive use of caching during sessions to
  minimise traffic
• Handles data requests asynchronously
• avoids waiting for responses before handling next
  user request
• Designed to hold long sessions
• session resumed at last point if radio link fails
• WTP only sends broken packets of data
• TCP always sends entire message again

20
Wireless device issues

• Small display - WML structures docs in decks
  and cards
• card represents a single unit of interaction with
  user
• deck is a service, represented by a collection of
  cards
• well suited to small displays
• Limited input - WML requires minimal keyboard
  functionality

21
Wireless device issues cont.

• Limited memory and CPU
• WML is primarily text-based and requires a low
  hardware overhead
• Limited battery power
• WAP transmissions minimised over air

22
Summary

• E-business currently utilises desktop technology
• Massive potential to open new mobile markets
• Bluetooth enables easy device connectivity,
  widening access to internet based services
• WAP is a protocol designed to address the
  limitations of wireless devices