Agriscience Applications

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Agriscience Applications

• Biotechnology

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The Beginning

• In your notebook write a definition for
  biotechnology

Bio
Technology
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The Beginning
Bio
Life or living
Application of science to an industrial or
commercial objective
Technology
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History

• Biotechnology has been around since the beginning
  of time
• Yeast to make bread rise
• Bacteria to ferment sauerkraut
• Bacteria to produce cheese, yogurt
• Transform grain into alcohol

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Sauerkraut
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Biotechnology

• Silage
• Used for animal feed
• Green grasses and grains stored in air tight
  containers
• Converts sugars and starches to acids

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Silage
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Silage
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Silage
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The Genetic Connection

• Genetics
• Biology of heredity
• Transmission of characteristics from an organism
  to its offspring through genes in reproductive
  cells
• Gregor Mendel
• Experimented with garden pea plants

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The Genetic Connection

• Genes
• Components of cells that determine individual
  characteristics of all living things
• Comprised of DNA
• The Blueprint of cells and their successive
  cells

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The Genetic Connection
Animal Cell
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The Genetic Connection
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The Genetic Connection

• Gene Mapping
• Matching a gene to a trait
• Determines what gene is responsible for certain
  traits
• Examples
• Tendency of baldness
• Tendency of females to have twins
• Height of plants

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Application of Biotechnology

• DNA Matching
• Identifying the parents of offspring
• Genetic engineering
• Early 1980s
• Modifies the genetic make-up of animals and
  plants
• Movement of genetic information (genes) from one
  cell to another

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Products of Genetic Engineering

• Insulin
• Treats diabetes
• Herbicide resistant crops
• BST (bovine somatotrapin)
• Increases milk production
• Lee-minus
• Bacteria that retards frost formation on plants
• Convert waste to fuel

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Objective

• Explore the structure of DNA as it is related to
  examples of agricultural plants and animals

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DNA

• Found in all living cells
• All DNA is similar in structure and function
• transmitter of heredity information

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DNA

• Deoxyribonulceic acid
• Come in pairs of strands
• connected by bases
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Thymine
• Shape
• double helix

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DNA in Genetics

• Gene Splicing
• Removing and inserting genes into DNA
• Alters a given characteristic
• Examples
• Alter a plants susceptibility to disease
• Make a plant resistant to insects
• Alter bacteria to increase meat production

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Gene Mapping

• The process of finding and recording the location
  of genes

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Recombinant DNA

• Improves animal and plant performance by
  manipulation
• Alter microorganisms
• Control
• disease
• insects
• weeds
• pest
• Less use of chemicals more biological control
• better for the environment

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Concerns

• Federal and state governments monitor use
• Extensive testing
• Laboratory to the greenhouse
• Final testing is occurs outdoors prior to final
  approval
• Final approval only after all phases are completed

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Assignment

• Organize a discussion group with two other
  people.
• Explore four benefits and concerns of
  biotechnology
• Record your benefits and concerns in your notes
  with an explanation
• Provide the best solution for your concerns
• Be ready to share your work