Citation Methods

1
Citation Methods

• English Department
• J.W. Mitchell High School

2
Research Paper

• Proves a point
• Uses outside sources for support
• Properly CITES all sources

3
NOT

• Sight--vision
• Site--location (e.g., website)

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Cite

• To mention or bring forward as support,
  illustration, or proof cited several instances
  of insubordinate behavior (Dictionary.Com).

5
Citing Options

• Quote
• Paraphrase
• Summarize

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Quote

• Word for word
• Exactly the same
• Quotation marks

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Paraphrase

• Same idea(s)
• Same length as original
• Different words
• Your own words

8
Summarize

• General idea(s)
• Gloss
• Overview
• Abbreviated
• Shortened

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Can you tell the difference?

• After Beowulf agreed to fight Grendal, the Danes
  and visiting Geats / Celebrated as one, drank and
  rejoiced (34).
• Following Beowulfs agreement to fight Grendal,
  everyone feasted and celebrated together (34).
• 3. In Beowulf, two cultural groups came together
  (34).

Note that every citation is followed by a
parenthetical!
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So when do you quote?

• If the idea is perfectly phrased
• If you cant say it any better
• If the author is important

Martin Luther King once said, I have a dream!
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So when do you paraphrase?

• If you only want to use the idea
• If you can explain the idea in better terms

12
So when do you summarize?

• If you dont want to bore your reader
• If you want to avoid getting bogged down
• If you need to quickly cover a lot of material

13
Are all citation styles treated the same?

• No!

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Quotes always . . .

• Are used sparingly
• Are in quotation marks
• Are introduced (who, what, when, where, how)
• Need to be explained, responded to, clarified
• Can NEVER end a paragraph

Summaries and paraphrases are in your own words
and, therefore, should be self-explanatory.
15
Remember

• Citations are used to support YOUR ideas--not to
  make up your entire paper!
• Any reference to someone elses ideas requires a
  parenthetical citation!
• AVOID PLAGIARISM!!!