10th American History Unit V A Nation Facing Challenges

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10th American History Unit V- A Nation Facing
Challenges

• Chapter 18 Section 5
• The Movement Continues

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The Movement Continues

• The Main Idea
• The civil rights movement was in decline by the
  1970s, but its accomplishments continued to
  benefit American society.
• Reading Focus
• How did the SCLCs goals change and with what
  results?
• For what reasons did the Black Power movement
  decline?
• What civil rights changes took place in the
  1970s, and what were their results?

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The Civil Rights Movement after Martin Luther
King Jr.
King realized that most African Americans were
prevented from achieving equality because they
were poor.
Ralph Abernathy, the new leader of the SCLC, led
thousands of protesters to the nations capital
as part of the Poor Peoples Campaign.
The campaign turned out to be a disaster. Bad
weather and terrible media relations marred the
campaign. The campaign also failed to express
clearly the protesters needs and demands.
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The Poor People's Campaign (0316)
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A Change in Goals

• How did SCLCs goals change and with what
  results?
• Explain What was the intent of the Poor
  Peoples Campaign?
• Describe Why was the Poor Peoples Campaign a
  disaster?

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The Black Power Movement

• The civil rights movement took place at the
  height of the Cold War.
• FBI director J. Edgar Hoover created a secret
  program to keep an eye on groups that caused
  unrest in American society.
• Hoover considered King and the Black Power
  movement a threat to American society.
• The FBI infiltrated civil rights movement groups
  and worked to disrupt them.
• Spread false rumors that the Black Panthers
  intended to kill SNCC members
• Forged harmful posters, leaflets, and
  correspondence from targeted groups

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The Decline of Black Power

• The Black Panthers
• Hoover was particularly concerned about the Black
  Panthers.
• Police raided Black Panther headquarters in many
  cities.
• Armed conflict resulted, even when Black Panther
  members were unarmed.
• By the early 1970s, armed violence had led to the
  killing or arrest of many Black Panther members.

• SNCC
• SNCC collapsed with the help of the FBI.
• H. Rap Brown, the leader who replaced Stokely
  Carmichael as the head of SNCC, was encouraged to
  take radical and shocking positions.
• Brown was encouraged to take these positions by
  his staffmany of whom worked for the FBI.
• Membership declined rapidly.

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The Decline of Black Power

• For what reasons did the Black Power movement
  decline?
• Identify Who was J. Edgar Hoover?
• Recall What was Hoovers opinion of the Black
  Power Movement?

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Civil Rights Changes in the 1970s

• Civil Rights Act of 1968banned discrimination in
  the sale or rental of housing (also called the
  Fair Housing Act)
• Busing and political changeto speed the
  integration of city schools, courts began
  ordering that some students be bused from their
  neighborhood schools to schools in other areas
• Busing met fierce opposition in the North.
• Busing was a major cause of the migration of
  whites from cities to suburbs.
• This development increased the political power of
  African Americans in the cities.
• Affirmative actionprograms that gave preference
  to minorities and women in hiring and admissions
  to make up for past discrimination against these
  groups

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The Civil Right Act of 1968 (Fair Housing Act)

• The Civil Right Act of 1968 prohibited the
  following forms of discrimination
• 1. Refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any
  person because of his race, color, religion or
  national origin
• 2. Discrimination against a person in the terms,
  conditions or privilege of the sale or rental of
  a dwelling.
• 3. Advertising the sale or rental of a dwelling
  indicating preference of discrimination based on
  race, color, religion or national origin.
• 4. Coercing, threatening, intimidating, or
  interfering with a person's enjoyment or exercise
  of housing rights based on discriminatory reasons
  or retaliating against a person or organization
  that aids or encourages the exercise or enjoyment
  of fair housing rights.

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The New Black Power

• Black Power took on a new form and meaning in the
  1970s.
• African Americans became the majority in many
  counties in the South.
• African Americans were elected to public office.
• African Americans who played roles in the civil
  rights movement provided other services to the
  nation
• Thurgood Marshal became Supreme Courts first
  African American justice.
• John Lewis represented the people of Alabama in
  Congress.
• Andrew Young became Georgias first African
  American member of Congress since Reconstruction,
  U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, and mayor
  of Atlanta.
• Jesse Jackson founded a civil rights organization
  called Operation PUSH and campaigned for the
  Democratic presidential nomination in the 1980s.

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African Americans who played roles in the civil
rights movement.
John Lewis - In 1961, Lewis joined SNCC in the
Freedom Rides, he and others were beaten by mobs.
In 1963, Lewis helped plan, speak and took part
in the March on Washington. In 1965, he led 525
marchers across the Pettus Bridge in Selma,
Alabama. State troopers attacked the marchers in
a violent incident that later became known as
"Bloody Sunday."
In 1965, Jesse Jackson participated in Martin
Luther King, Jr.s movement in Selma, Alabama. In
1966, King selected Jackson to be head of the
SCLCs Operation Breadbasket in Chicago Jackson
was present with King in Memphis when he was
assassinated on April 4, 1968.
Andrew Young was appointed to serve as pastor of
a church in Marion, Alabama. In 1960, he joined
the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
Young was jailed for his participation in civil
rights demonstrations, both in Selma, Alabama,
St. Augustine, Florida ands Birmingham, Alabama.
With King in Memphis at assassination.
Ralph Abernathy- pastor of the First Baptist
Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Abernathy and King
organized the bus boycott in Montgomery.
Abernathy was Martin Luther King's Number Two in
the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
President of the SCLC after King's death.
Organized the Poor People's Campaign.
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New Changes and Gains

• What civil rights changes took place in the
  1970s, and what were their results?
• Recall What was the response in some areas to
  court-ordered busing?
• Explain In what way did busing and affirmative
  action strengthen the Republican Party?
• Summarize What political change occurred in the
  cities in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

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New Changes and Gains

• Recall What was the new Black Power?
• Describe How did John Lewis, Andrew Young, and
  Jesse Jackson become leaders of the new Black
  Power?