10th American History Unit V A Nation Facing Challenges

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10th American History Unit V- A Nation Facing
Challenges

• Chapter 18 Section 4
• Changes and Challenges

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Fighting Discrimination (0508)
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Changes and Challenges

• The Main Idea
• Continued social and economic inequalities caused
  many young African Americans to lose faith in the
  civil rights movement and integration and seek
  alternative solutions.
• Reading Focus
• Why did the civil rights movement expand to the
  North?
• What fractures developed in the civil rights
  movement, and what was the result?
• What events led to the death of Martin Luther
  King Jr., and how did the nation react?

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The Civil Rights Movement Expands to the North

• The civil rights movement had done much to bring
  an end to de jure segregationor segregation by
  law.
• However, changes in law had not altered attitudes
  and many were questioning nonviolent protest as
  an effective method of change.
• In most of America there was still de facto
  segregationsegregation that exists through
  custom and practice rather than by law.
• African Americans outside the South also faced
  discriminationin housing, by banks, in
  employment.

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Expanding the Movement

• Conditions outside the South
• Most African Americans outside the South lived in
  cities.
• African Americans were kept in all-black parts of
  town because they were unwelcome in white
  neighborhoods.
• Discrimination in banking made home ownership and
  home and neighborhood improvements difficult.
• Job discrimination led to high unemployment and
  poverty.

• Urban Unrest
• Frustration over the urban conditions exploded
  into violence.
• Watts (Los Angeles) in 1965
• Detroit in 1967
• President Johnson appointed the Kerner Commission
  to study the causes of urban rioting.
• Placed the blame on poverty and discrimination

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The Movement Moves North
The riots convinced King that the civil rights
movement needed to move north. He focused on
Chicago in 1966.
The eight month Chicago campaign was one of
Kings biggest failures. Chicagos African
Americans did not share his civil rights
focustheir concerns were economic.
King discovered that some northern whites who had
supported him and criticized racism in the South
had no interest in seeing it exposed in the North.
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Expanding the Movement

• Why did the civil rights movement expand to the
  North?
• Recall What is de facto segregation?
• Analyze Why is it more difficult to end de
  facto segregation than de jure segregation?
• Develop Why do you think the civil rights
  movement began in the South rather than the North?

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Expanding the Movement

• Recall What reasons did the Kerner Commission
  give as the cause of urban rioting?
• Analyze Why is it more difficult to end de
  facto segregation than de jure segregation?
• Develop Why do you think the civil rights
  movement began in the South rather than the North?

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Fractures in the civil rights movement

• Conflict among the diverse groups of the civil
  rights movement developed in the 1960s.
• Many SNCC and CORE members were beginning to
  question nonviolence.
• In 1966 SNCC abandoned the philosophy of
  nonviolence.
• Huey Newton and Bobby Seale formed the Black
  Panther Party and called for violent revolution
  as a means of African American liberation.
• Malcolm X and the Black Muslims were critical of
  King and nonviolence.

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Sports and Games II (0315)
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Fractures in the Movement

• Black Power
• Stokely Carmichael became the head of SNCC.
• SNCC abandoned the philosophy of nonviolence.
• Black Power became the new rallying cry.
• Wanted African Americans to depend on themselves
  to solve problems.

• Black Panthers
• The Black Panther Party was formed in Oakland,
  California, in 1966.
• Called for violent revolution as a means of
  African American liberation.
• Members carried guns and monitored African
  American neighborhoods to guard against police
  brutality.

• Black Muslims
• Nation of Islam was a large and influential group
  who believed in Black Power.
• Message of black nationalism, self-discipline,
  and self-reliance.
• Malcolm X offered message of hope, defiance, and
  black pride.

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Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism (0417)
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The Assassination and Legacy of Malcolm X (0227)
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Fractures in the Movement

• What fractures developed in the civil rights
  movement, and what was the result?
• Recall What was one of the first major signs of
  trouble in the civil rights movement?
• Summarize What was Black Power?
• Draw Conclusions Why do you think that
  discontent developed in civil rights
  organizations in 1964?

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Fractures in the Movement

• Explain Who were the first Black Muslims?
• Describe In what ways was Malcolm X different
  from Martin Luther King Jr.?
• Analyze Why do you think Malcolm X began to
  call for racial harmony?

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The Promised Land (0233)
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The Death of Martin Luther King Jr.
King became aware that economic issues must be
part of the civil rights movement.
King went to Memphis, Tennessee to help striking
sanitation workers. He led a march to city
hall. James Earl Ray shot and killed King as he
stood on the balcony of his motel.
Within hours, rioting erupted in more than 120
cities. Within three weeks, 46 people were dead,
some 2,600 were injured, and more than 21,000
were arrested.
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April 4, 1968 MLK is Assassinated by James Earl
Ray (0241)
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A Dream Deferred (0305)
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The Assassination of King

• What events led to the death of Martin Luther
  King Jr. and how did the nation react?
• Recall Who murdered Martin Luther King Jr.?
• Elaborate What did Robert F. Kennedy as the
  nation to do following the death of King?