Interprofessional Collaboration

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Interprofessional Collaboration

• Rebecca Jenkins
• Lindsey Jollimore
• Ashlee Johnstone

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Objectives

• A) Students will be able to understand the
  concept of interprofessional collaboration
• B) Students will gain an understanding of the
  importance of interprofessional collaboration in
  the provision of care.
• C) Students will learn how interprofessional
  collaboration is currently used in the workplace.
  
• D) Students will understand how nursing
  regulatory bodies such as CNA and CRNNS support
  and enforce interprofessional collaboration.

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Objectives

• E) Students will gain an understanding of the
  barriers to interprofessional collaboration in
  the workplace.
• F) Students will gain an understanding of
  strategies on how to overcome the barriers.
• G) Students will gain an understanding of Nova
  Scotias new collaborative care model
• H) Students will understand the roles of the
  individual nurse in interprofessional
  collaboration.
• I) Students will gain an understanding of the
  future direction of interprofessional
  collaboration.

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• What is Interprofessional Collaboration?
• Interprofessional collaboration can also be
  termed Interdisciplinary Collaboration.
• Interprofessional collaboration occurs when two
  or more individuals from different professions
  come together to reach the needs of a client
  (Claiborne Lawson, 2005).
• Collaborating professionals share missions, goals
  and objectives.
• According to Health Canada 2007 collaborative
  care enhances the goals and values of the
  patient, family and community and also respects
  each professionals contribution (Kearney, 2008).

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• Importance of Interprofessional Collaboration
• Improves access to care
• Finding and maintaining health professionals
• Improved patient safety and satisfaction.
• (Kearney, 2008)

www.ico.osu.edu/
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• IN THE PAST

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• What is the current status of Interprofessional
  Collaboration?

www.judicare.org
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Interprofessional Collaboration Now..

• Interprofessional collaboration is recognized as
  essential
• Collaborative Care Models are being developed and
  applied
• The importance of Interprofessional education has
  been outlined
• (Baker et al., 2008)

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What is Interprofessional Education?

• Joint learning between professionals
• Students or post licensure
• Goal of enhancing collaborative practice
• (Baker et al., 2008)

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Interprofessional Education for Collaborative
Patient-Centered Care Strategy

• Launched by Health Canada in 2005 to address
  challenges in the Health Care System
• Many universities have developed projects to
  provide interprofessional education
• (Health Canada, 2005)

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• Does anyone have any stories of interprofessional
  collaboration situations from their clinical
  experiences? Good or Bad.

steves.seasidelife.com/tag/management-team/
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• Advantages of Interprofessional Collaboration

http//web2097.blogspot.com/2007/07/web-20-medical
-collaboration-with-no.html
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• Advantages of Interprofessional Collaboration
• Health professionals improve their skills in
  giving quality health care to patients and their
  families
• New found respect for other professionals
• Manageable workload
• Colleague support
• Exchange of ideas, skills and knowledge
• Important for respectful and supportive
  relationships among colleagues
• (Cadell et al, 2007)

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• Allows for a wide range of services to be
  provided to the patient
• Studies have showed that it even reduces patient
  morbidity and mortality (Cadell et al, 2007)

http//www.skyeauroradesigns.com/store/
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• Disadvantages
• of Interprofessional Collaboration

www.afhto.com
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Disadvantages of Interprofessional Collaboration

• Liability Issues
• A situation where teamwork is not supported in
  the workplace
• Conflict
• Is additional funding available to implement into
  education curricula?
• (Kearney, 2008).
• Working in a collaborative care team may be a
  huge change for some nurses (Department of
  Health, District Health Authorities and the IWK
  Health Centre, 2008).

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Disadvantages of Interprofessional Collaboration
Contd

• HCPs are not always in the same location at the
  same time. Organizing meetings where all HCPs
• involved in the care of a patient are present
  can be challenging.

(Vyt, 2008)
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• Position of Regulatory Bodies

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Canadian Nurses Association

• The Canadian Nurses Association believes that
  the people of Canada are entitled to a health
  system with the capacity to help them meet both
  their physical and mental health needs- whether
  those needs are illness prevention, early
  detection, treatment, rehabilitation or recovery.
  Further, the association believes that the
  responsiveness of the health system can be
  strengthened through effective collaboration
  among health professionals

(Canadian Nurses Association, 2005).
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Interprofessional Collaboration and The Code of
Ethics

• The code of ethics states that nurses recognize
  and respect the knowledge and skills of all
  members of the health care team.
• Nurses collaborate with other health care members
  so their patients can receive the best care
  possible
• Collaborate with other health care professionals
  and organizations to change unethical health and
  social policies
• (Canadian Nurses Association, 2008)

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Interprofessional Collaboration and the Standards
for Nursing Practice

• Professional Relationships and Advocacy
• Nurses promote advocacy for their patients by
  developing collaborative partnerships with their
  patients, colleagues, other healthcare team
  members and the public
• Professional Leadership
• Nurses collaborate with other health care members
  to coordinate client care
• (College of Registered Nurses of Nova Scotia,
  2004)

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Interprofessional Collaboration andEntry Level
Competencies

• Professional Practice Organization and
  Leadership
• Nurses must promote team problem solving,
  decision making and conflict resolution
• Nursing practice Intervention (Application of
  knowledge, skills and judgement)
• Nurses collaborate with clients to identify and
  execute referrals to other health care members
  when needed
• (College of Registered Nurses of Nova Scotia,
  2004)

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• Barriers to Interprofessional Collaboration and
  Strategies to Overcome them

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Barriers to Interprofessional Collaboration

• Differences in professional values
• Power struggles
• Lack of respect
• (Miller, 2008)
• Lack of a sense of how to work together
• Not always possible to organize meetings where
  everyone is present
• (Vyt, 2008)
• Stereotypical views of professions
• (Kearney, 2008)

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How to overcome barriers

• Educate all professions on other professions
• All disciplines must be aware of their practice
  affects each other
• Be aware of the responsibilities of each team
  member
• Need to set shared goals
• Universal Documentation
• (Vyt, 2008 Miller, 2008)

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How to overcome barriers

• Facilitate trust and communication
• Resources should be directed to many professions
• Regular contact between team members
• Effective leadership
• Sharing of knowledge
• All team members must have skills in conflict
  management
• (Miller,2008 Vyt, 2008).

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Nova Scotias New Collaborative Care Model
seamlesscare.dal.ca
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Nova Scotias New Collaborative Care Model

• The model was made to meet the needs of the
  changing healthcare system, allow the healthcare
  system to become more efficient and help to
  improve the health status of Nova Scotians.
• The model looks at people, processes, information
  and technology.
• Changes in Healthcare roles Optimize role of
  RNs, LPNs and assistive personnel
• Strengthened roles of supportive staff, allied
  health professionals and physicians.

www.trauma.org/index.php/main/article/532/
(Department of Health, District Health
Authorities and the IWK Health Centre, 2008)
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Nova Scotias New Collaborative Care Model

• Gaps?
• Just one step in transforming N.S. healthcare
  system
• Costs?
• How long will it take to be implemented?
• Will there be enough support from healthcare
  workers to implement this model?
• When will we see an improvement in the health of
  Nova Scotians?

latinonutrition.org
(Department of Health, District Health
Authorities and the IWK Health Centre, 2008)
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• Future Direction of Interprofessional
  Collaboration

http//www.rwjf.org/files/publications/annual/2007
/images/pioneer.jpg
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Future Direction of Interprofessional
Collaboration
www.masternewmedia.or

• Growth of telehealth and telemedicine
• Greater focus on health promotion and prevention
• Nursing and other health professional education
  and training will include interprofessional
  collaboration.
• (McIntyre,Thomlinson McDonald,
  2006Kearney, 2008)
• Increase in patient centered interprofessional
  teams (Miller, 2008Kearney, 2008).

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• You Tube video
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vhvTOSnadrcU

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Conclusions

• Interprofessional collaboration is something we
  should all be working towards
• It has many advantages
• This will be something that you are going to see
  more of in the future
• It is important to recognize potential barriers
  so you can be prepared to overcome them
• Regulatory bodies support and promote
  interprofessional collaboration

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• Questions?

35
References

• Baker, C., Pulling, C., McGraw, R., Dagnone,
  J.D., Hopkins-Rosseel, D., Medves, J. (2008).
  Simulation in interprofessional education for
  patient-centered collaborative care. Journal of
  Advanced Nursing, 64(4), 372-379. Retrieved from
  EBSCO CINHAL
• Cadell, S., Bosma, H., Johnston, M., Porterfield,
  P., Cline, L., Da Silva, J., Fraser Boston, P.
  (2007). Practicing interprofessional team-work
  from the first day of class a model for an
  interprofessional palliative care course. Journal
  of Palliative Care, 23(4), 273-279. Retrieved
  from EBSCO CINHAL
• Canadian Nurses Association.(2005). Position
  statement Interprofessional collaboration.
• Ottawa Author. Retrieved from www.cna-aiic.ca
• Canadian Nurses Association (2008). Code of
  Ethics for Registered Nurses. Ottawa Author.
  http//www.cna aiic.ca/CNA/documents/pdf/publicati
  ons Code_of_Ethics_2008_e.pdf.
• Clairborne, N., Lawson, H.A. (2005). An
  intervention framework for collaboration.
• Families in Society, 86(1), 93-103. Retrieved
  from EBSCO CINHAL.
• CRNNS (2004). Entry-Level Competencies for
  Registered Nurses in Nova Scotia.
  http//www.crnns.ca/documents/EntryLevelCompetenci
  es2004.pdf

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References

• CRNNS (2004). Standards for Nursing Practice.
  Halifax Author. Retrieved January 21,
• 2009. http//www.crnns.ca/documents/standards2004
  .pdf
• Department of Health, District Health Authorities
  and the IWK Health Centre.(2008).Nova Scotias
  New Collaborative Care Model
• Health Canada (2005). Interprofessional Education
  for Collaborative Patient-Centered Care.
  Retrieved from http//www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/hhr-
  rhs/strateg/interprof/index-eng.php
• Kearney, A.J. (2008). Facilitating
  interprofessional education and practice.
  Canadian Nurse, 22-26. Retrieved from EBSCO
  CINHAL
• McIntyre, M.,Thomlinson, E. McDonald, C.
  (2006). Realities of Canadian nursing
  Professional, practice and power issues(2nd ed.).
  Philadelphia Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
• Miller, C. (2008). Interprofessional practice.
  Alberta RN,64(8),14-15. Retrieved from EBSCO
  CINHAL
• Miller, K.L., Reeves, S., Zwarenstein, M.,
  Beales, J.D., Kenaszchuk, C., Gotlib Conn, L.
  (2008). Nursing emotion work and
  interprofessional collaboration in general
  internal medicine wards a qualitative study.
  Journal of Advanced Nursing, 64(4), 332-343.
  Retrieved from EBSCO CINHAL
• Vyt, A. (2008). Interprofessional and
  transdiciplinary teamwork in healthcare.
  Diabetes/Metabolism Research and
  Reviews,24(S1),106-109. Retrieved from EBSCO
  CINHAL