Committee

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(No Transcript)
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Committee

• Norman Augustine (chair)
• Craig Barrett
• Gail Cassell
• Steven Chu
• Robert Gates
• Nancy Grasmick
• Charles Holliday
• Shirley Ann Jackson
• Anita Jones
• Joshua Lederberg

• Richard Levin
• Dan Mote
• Cherry Murray
• Peter ODonnell
• Lee Raymond
• Robert Richardson
• Roy Vagelos
• Charles Vest
• George Whitesides
• Richard Zare

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Charge to the Committee

• Senators Alexander and Bingaman with endorsement
  of House Science committee requested National
  Academies to
• Identify top actions federal policy makers could
  take so US can successfully compete, prosper, and
  be secure in the 21st Century
• Determine an implementation strategy with several
  concrete steps

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Some Context

• Growing national concern about economy
• Globalization
• Out-sourcing off-shoring
• Rise of other nations
• Thomas Friedman The World is Flat
• Over 1 year on NY Times best seller list
• Communicated the message

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Method

• Review of literature, past reports, and
  suggestions led to 150 ideas
• Focus groups of experts discussed ideas and
  identified top 3-4 ideas in K-12 education,
  higher education, research, innovation and
  workforce, and homeland/national security
• Committee meeting and conference calls
• Additional expert consultations
• More than 40 anonymous reviewers
• 10 weeks from meeting to study release

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Some Competitiveness Indicators

• The United States is today a net importer of
  high-technology products. Its trade balance in
  high-technology manufactured goods shifted from
  plus 54 billion in 1990 to negative 50 billion
  in 2001.
• Chemical companies closed 70 facilities in the
  United States in 2004 and tagged 40 more for
  shutdown. Of 120 chemical plants being built
  around the world with price tags of 1 billion or
  more, one is in the United States and 50 are in
  China.
• In 2005, only four American companies ranked
  among the top 10 corporate recipients of patents
  granted by the United States Patent and Trademark
  Office.

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More Competitiveness Indicators

• Fewer than one-third of US 4th grade and 8th
  grade students performed at or above a level
  called proficient in mathematics proficiency
  was considered the ability to exhibit competence
  with challenging subject matter. Alarmingly,
  about one-third of the 4th graders and one-fifth
  of the 8th graders lacked the competence to
  perform even basic mathematical computations.
• US 15-year-olds ranked 24th out of 40 countries
  that participated in a 2003 administration of the
  Program for International Student Assessment
  (PISA) examination, which assessed students
  ability to apply mathematical concepts to
  real-world problems.
• In 1995 (the most recent data available), US 12th
  graders performed below the international average
  for 21 countries on a test of general knowledge
  in mathematics and science.

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Yet More Competitiveness Indicators

• In South Korea, 38 of all undergraduates receive
  their degrees in natural science or engineering.
  In France, the figure is 47, in China, 50, and
  in Singapore 67. In the United States, the
  corresponding figure is 15.
• Some 34 percent of doctoral degrees in natural
  sciences and 56 of engineering PhDs in the
  United States are awarded to foreign-born
  students.
• In the U.S. science and technology workforce in
  2000, 38 of PhDs were foreign-born
• Federal funding of research in the physical
  sciences, as a percentage of GDP, was 45 less in
  FY 2004 than in FY 1976.

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Findings

• Concern that the ST building blocks critical to
  economic leadership are eroding when many other
  nations are gathering strength.
• Death of Distance means that skilled labor with
  strong drive to succeed is just a mouse-click
  away in growing economies and does not have to be
  in close proximity.
• Worldwide strengthening is good, but will the
  United States be able to compete when great
  minds and ideas exist throughout the worldat a
  lower costso greater return to investor.
• If do not have high-quality jobs, then do not
  have means for a high standard of living.
• Fear abruptness with which lead can be lost and
  challenging of recovering if lost.

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Two Key Challenges

• Creation of High-Quality Jobs for All
  Americansnot just scientists and engineers
• Respond to Nations Need for Clean, Affordable,
  and Reliable Energy

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Conclusion

• Actions needed not only by federal government,
  but state and local levels, and each American
  family
• Need to avoid complacency by assuming US will
  remain competitive and preeminent in science and
  technology
• World is changing and need to take action to
  renew nations commitment in education, research,
  and innovation policies so nations children have
  jobs

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How to Compete?

• Optimize knowledge-based resources, particularly
  in science and technology.
• Sustain most fertile environments for new and
  revitalized industries and the well-paying jobs
  they bring.

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Four Recommendations

• 20 Implementation Actions

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Capital

• Sustain and strengthen the nations traditional
  commitment to long-term basic research that has
  the potential to be transformational to maintain
  the flow of new ideas that fuel the economy,
  provide security, and enhance the quality of
  life.
• Ensure that the United States is the premier
  place in the world to innovate invest in
  downstream activities such as manufacturing and
  marketing and create high-paying jobs for all
  Americans that are based on innovation by
  modernizing the patent system, realigning tax
  policies to encourage innovation, and ensuring
  affordable broadband access.

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Labor

• Increase Americas talent pool by vastly
  improving K-12 science and mathematics education.
• Make the United States the most attractive
  setting in which to study and perform research so
  that we can develop, recruit, and retain the best
  and brightest students, scientists, and engineers
  from within the United States and throughout the
  world.

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Energy

• Create in the Department of Energy an
  organization like the Defense Advanced Research
  Projects Agency called the Advanced Research
  Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E).

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Why Energy?

• Need a focal point for initiative and energy is
  the key issue facing the nation.
• Three major factors contributing to and
  influencing economic growth are capital, labor,
  and energy. The committees recommendations need
  to address all three.
• Availability of energy is so critical to nations
  economy that changes in that availability can
  directly impact the nations Gross Domestic
  Product and overall health.
• Increases in energy cost or lack of availability
  influence companies decisions in terms of their
  production of goods and services. Clean,
  affordable, and reliable energy, on the other
  hand, can lead to increased economic output by
  business and industry.
• Rapid changes in energy prices, such as happens
  with the worlds oil prices, can significantly
  impact the economy.

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Recommendations

• 10,000 Teachers, 10 Million Minds and
• K-12 Science and Mathematics Education
• Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering
  Research
• Best and Brightest in Science and Engineering
  Higher Education
• Incentives for Innovation

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Ten Thousand Teachers, Ten Million Minds

• Recruit 10,000 teachers, Educate 10 million
  minds Attract bright students through
  competitive 4-yr. merit-based scholarships for BS
  in sciences, engineering, or math with concurrent
  K-12 science math teacher certification in
  exchange for 5 years public service teaching in
  K-12 public schools
• Strengthen 250,000 current teachers skills
  Summer institutes, Masters program, AP/IB
  (Advanced Placement/International Baccalaureate)
  training
• Enlarge the Pipeline Create opportunities and
  financial incentives for pre-AP/IB and AP/IB
  science math courses

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Sowing the Seeds

• Increase federal investment in long-term basic
  research--10/year over next 7 years focusing on
  physical sciences, engineering, mathematics,
  information sciences and DOD basic research
  funding.
• Provide early-career researcher grants200 grants
  at 100,000/year over 5 years to outstanding
  researchers.
• Institute National Coordination Office for
  Advanced Research Instrumentation and
  Facilities--500 million/year over 5 years.
• Catalyze high-risk, high-payoff
  researchTechnical program managers allocated 8
  federal research agency budgets for discretionary
  spending.
• Institute Presidential Innovation AwardRecognize
  persons who develop unique scientific and
  engineering innovations in the national interest
  when they occur.
• Advanced Research Projects Agency-EnergyModeled
  on DARPA, this agency would focus on creative
  out-of-the-box transformational energy research
  that industry by itself cannot or will not
  support

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Best and Brightest

• Increase US citizens earning science,
  engineering, and math degrees
• 25,000 new 4-year undergraduate scholarships per
  year
• 5,000 new portable graduate fellowships per year
• Encourage continuing education of current
  scientists and engineers Federal tax credits to
  employers
• International students and scholars
• Less complex visa processing and extensions
• New PhDs in SE 1-year automatic extension and
  (if find job) automatic work permit and expedited
  residency status
• Skills-based, preferential immigration points
  system to prioritize US citizenship
• Reform "deemed exports" policy Allow access to
  information and research equipment except those
  under national security regulations

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Incentives for Innovation

• Enhance IP protection for global economy, while
  allowing research
• Sufficient resources for Patent and Trademark
  Office
• Institute first-inventor-to-file" system and
  administrative review after patent granted
• Shield research uses of patented inventions from
  infringement liability
• Change IP laws that impact industries differently
• Increase Research Experimentation tax credit
  from 20 to 40 of qualifying increase
• Provide financial incentives so US is competitive
  for long-term innovation-related investment
• Affordable broadband access

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White House

• President's State of The Union and FY2007 Budget
• American Competitiveness Initiative
• AP/IB
• Research Funding for NSF, NIST, and DOE Office
  of Science
• RD Tax Credit
• Advanced Energy Initiative
• Research Funding portion of ACI passed House and
  Senate Appropriations
• Some Education Program Funding approved by House
  Appropriations (AP/IB, teacher training)
• Administration actions on Deemed Exports
  International Students

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Appropriations(As of Oct 2006)
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Senate

• Protecting Americas Competitive Edge (Senators
  Domenici, Alexander, Bingaman, Mikulski)
  PACE-Energy (S.2197) PACE-Education (S.2198)
  PACE-Finance (S.2199)
• 70 cosponsors (35 Democrats/35 Republicans)
• National Innovation Act (S.2109)
  (Ensign/Liberman Based on Council on
  Competitiveness Innovate America report)
• Advanced Research Projects Energy (ARPA-E) Act
  (S.2196)
• Right "TRACK" Act (S.2357)
• Energy Competitiveness Act (S.2398)
• Research Competitiveness Act (S.2720) (Baucus)
• American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of
  2006 (S.2802 chairmans markup of S. 2109 S.
  2390)
• National Competitiveness Investment Act (S. 3936)
• (Senators Frist, Reid, Domenici, Bingaman,
  Stevens, Inouye, Enzi Kenned, Ensign, Liberman,
  Alexander, Mikulski, Hutchinson)
• --Merger of PACE and National Innovation
  Act/American Innovation and Competitiveness Act
• --39 cosponsors (20 Republicans/19 Democrats)

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House

• 10,000 Teachers, 10 Million Minds Science and
  Math Scholarship Act ( H.R. 4434)
• Advanced Research Projects Agency Energy
  (ARPA-E) Act (H.R. 4435)
• Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering
  Research Act. (H.R. 4596)
• Innovation and Competitiveness Act (H.R. 4845)
• Accelerating the Creation of Teachers of
  Influence for Our Nation Act (H.R. 5141)
• National Science Foundation Scholars Program Act.
  (H.R. 5152)
• Science and Mathematics Education for
  Competitiveness Act (H.R. 5358)
• Research for Competitiveness Act (H.R. 5356)

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Convocation on Rising Above the Gathering Storm
Energizing and Employing Regions, States, and
Cities for a Brighter Economic Future

• Convene leadership of industry, government,
  research, and education community from all 50
  states and the federal government.
• Share knowledge and encourage leadership of
  initiatives at the state and local level to
  strengthen US competitiveness.
• Discuss current national proposals to respond to
  the nations competitiveness challenge and their
  implications for states, localities, and regions.
• September 28th in Washington, DC

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Immediate Convocation Impact

• Representatives from all 50 states.
• Almost 850 participants in person in Washington
  plus another 500 via video webcast particularly
  at the Beckman Center in California, Sigma Xi in
  North Carolina, and 5 sites in Pennsylvania.
• Over 90 of those participating in person in
  Washington indicated convocation was good or
  excellent via evaluation form.

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State Action Items in K-12 STEM
EducationIdentified by Convocation Participants

• Educate the American public about the need to
  improve STEM education in Americas schools
• Coordinate science, technology, engineering, and
  mathematics (STEM) education reform efforts
  working with State Legislatures and Departments
  of Education to get real changes in STEM
  curriculum.
• Attach to the Senate Bill a statement encouraging
  states to form coalitions to improve STEM
  education.
• Use a systems approach to improve STEM for Pre-K
  to 25. This means addressing all interacting
  variables, including, but not limited to Teacher
  Professional Development, Teacher education,
  Salaries, Support in the classroom, Afterschool
  programs, Distance learning, Preschool, and
  Parent/community education.

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More STEM K-12 State and Local Actions

• Prepare more and better math and science teachers
  as well as specialists (elementary school) and
  work with school counselors.
• Encourage underrepresented groups to go into
  teaching,
• Create systematic and persistent collaborations
  between universities and K-12 schools in their
  regions on curriculum develop and teacher
  preparation.
• Establish a state mechanism/clearinghouse to
  facilitate the involvement of the enormous pool
  of the states scientists and engineers in K-12
  education, with special focus on those scientists
  who have retired or will be retiring in the next
  few years.
• Develop a streamlined accreditation process that
  would enable these retirees to become middle and
  high school teachers.

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Yet More K-12 STEM Activities

• Meet with science centers and museums, and
  coordinate with state curriculum.
• Encourage partnerships with companies to
  encourage technical staff scientists and
  engineers to become actively involved as
  volunteers in local schools to promote STEM
  education.
• Establish a Teacher Advisory Council of Math
  Science teachers, collaborating with a
  stakeholder organization to develop goals and
  actions.
• Organize a K-12 state-wide symposium and use role
  models to excite elementary and middle school
  students to engage women/minorities
• Discuss what science, engineering, and
  mathematics courses should look like.

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State Action Items in Higher EducationIdentified
by Convocation Participants

• Establish an in-state scholarship program for
  high school graduates.
• Increase state support need-based scholarship
• Address issue of amount of undergraduate debt (it
  can be a factor for underrepresented groups in
  STEM on whether or not they continue with their
  graduate studies).
• Discuss what science, engineering, and
  mathematics courses should be like.
• Work in partnership with K-12 school systems on
  K-12 STEM topics described in previous slides.

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State Action Items in ResearchIdentified by
Convocation Participants

• Initiate a major, state-wide program, equivalent
  to the Academy Awards, to reward success in
  scientific research and in science education, so
  as to create desirable role models of scientists.
  Awards should be for research accomplishment at
  all levels from undergraduate student, graduate
  student, postdoctoral fellow, junior
  faculty/researcher, senior faculty/researcher.
• Develop strategies and a structure that will
  insure greater collaboration and synergy among
  research universities, government labs, and the
  tech business sector.

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State Action Items in InnovationIdentified by
Convocation Participants

• Establish a statewide ST authority.
• Conduct an assessment of states strengths and
  weaknesses in the development and
  commercialization of intellectual property,
  benchmarked against the best performing states.
• Appoint a high level group, possibly under the
  auspices of the Governor, to identify areas where
  states have the potential to build world
  leadership in the commercialization of
  intellectual property.
• Set up state funded competitively funded pre- and
  early-seed monies for universities to support
  transfer of technology to early stage start ups.

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State Action Items in CommunicationIdentified by
Convocation Participants

• Involve governors and legislators Ask the
  governor to convene a meeting of leaders
• Go back to State/Region and learn what is already
  happening. Ask governors, mayors, etc. Have you
  read the Rising Above Gathering Storm executive
  summary?
• Organize best practices to educate state
  legislators about the value of graduate
  education. Elevate the awareness of the
  importance of grad education (talk to other grad
  deans).
• Educate the public and measure public opinion via
  literature, campaigns, town hall meetings
• Create awareness/urgency in the public including
  parents via media and net campaigns.
• Fund permanent science exhibits at local shopping
  malls.

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Other State Action Items Identified by
Convocation Participants

• Work with the National Governors Association on
  their innovation initiative and inform and work
  with regional governors associations (such as
  the Western Governors Association).
• States should work together to establish joint
  funding, best practices, and joint projects that
  would benefit all states.
• Post best practices, but also remember that one
  size does not fit all.
• Mobilize association members as well as use
  association alerts and establish alert networks
• Hold state specific meetings on Gathering Storm
  report.

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Planned National Academies Activities

• Video of meeting presentations at
  www.nationalacademies.org/gatheringstorm (Some
  online as of now with completion by October 15.)
• List of action items, by State, identified by
  Convocation Participants.
• Brief summary of convocation discussions.
• Follow-up in 6 months and 1 year later to
  determine impact on state and local actions.

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Suggestions from Convocation Participant for
National Academies Activities

• Meeting in 6 months to one year to continue
  discussions (50)
• Keeping connected and updating others with new
  ideas/best practices (25).
• Via an e-mail list, website discussion group, or
  newsletter
• List of state action items.
• Summary and online access to convocation
  materials (powerpoints) (21)
• Inform the general public about the issues
  discussed in the Gathering Storm report (1)

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For more informationwww.nationalacademies.org/g
atheringstorm PDF of executive summary and
full report are available at no cost
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