Personality Psychology

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Personality Psychology
Psychoanalytic t. Freud Neo-Freudian Humanistic/
Social-cognitive t. Maslow/Rogers Bandura/Rotter
Trait t. Cattell/Eysenck Big 5/Five factor
model (FFM)
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Sigmund Freud1856-1939

• Born in Moravia moved to Vienna when young
• Medical school in Vienna studied physiology
  under Brucke (a controversial reductionist)
• After medical school, studied hypnosis hysteria
  under Charcot Bernheim
• Set up a neuropsychiatry practice with Breuers
  help in Vienna
• Treated many cases of hysteria.
• His experience in practice, coupled with the
  influence of the Victorian era and his
  physiological orientation, led to the development
  of a complex stage theory of personality
  development.

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Psychoanalytic theory Levels of awareness
and Personality structure
STM
- realistic goals
LTM
Primary motivations, unacceptable thoughts,
memories feelings
libido (life instincts thanatos (death
instincts)
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Freuds Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanism Description Example
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Freuds Defense Mechanisms
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Freuds Psychosexual Stages
Oral Stage (birth 18 months)
Anal Stage (18 months 3 years)
Phallic Stage (3 6 years)
Latency Stage (6 years puberty)
Genital Stage (puberty adulthood)
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Conclusions re Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory

• The theory is not falsifiable
• But does any of it correspond to what we know?
• Impact of unconscious processes
• Defense mechanisms
• Psychosexual development
• Pros and cons
• Therapy

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Neo-Freudians

• Carl Jung - the collective unconscious BUT
• Personality attitudes Extra/introversion
• Info gathering S/F/T/I
• Led to MBPTI

Alfred Adler 1870 - 1937
Carl Jung 1875 - 1961

• Alfred Adler inferiority complex

• Karen Horney violate security needs basic
  anxiety. Causes 1/3 neurotic personalities
• Moving toward
• Moving against
• Moving away from

Karen Horney 1885 - 1952
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Humanistic Personality Psychology
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
Emphasizes Free will (compare w/prevailing
determinism) Personal growth Individuality
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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

• 5 needs (motivations)
• Strongest (Biological) ?Weakest (Esteem)

• Comparing Maslow Freud/neo-Freudians

Needs/Drives
Methodology
Outcomes
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Rogers Self theory and person- centered therapy
Self-actualization fundamental drive (Be all
that we can be) BUT Need for acceptance
social/family conditions (conditions of worth)
interferes Rogers solution UPR
Rogers fully functioning person
Openness to experience
Creativity
Existential living
Experiential freedom
Organismic trusting
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Social-cognitive Personality Psychology
Albert Bandura
Julian Rotter

• aka Social-learning or Cognitive-behavioral
  approach
• Behavioral approach personality is a
  collection of learned bxs patterns BUT social
  cognitive theory
• Learning history ____________
• ?????
• Cognitive processes
• Situational determinants

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Trait Theories
3 Factor model biologically based
Introversion --------------------
Extraversion det. by cortical arousal
Emotional stability -----------
Neuroticism det. by sympathetic n.s. activity
Impulse control ---------------
Psychoticism det. by testosterone/MAO
Hans Eysenck 1916-1997
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Five Factor (Trait) Model
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Personality Assessment

• MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
• NEO-PI
• MBTI Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
• 16PF Catells 16 Personality Factor Inventory

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Projective Tests

• Rorhshach Inkblots

Hermann Rorschach 1884 - 1922
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Murrays Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)