Geology

1
Geology

• Study of the earths physical structure and
  history
• Science is new
• History dates back 4.6 billions years

2
Inside the Earth

• Core - hot metal, made of iron and nickel
• Inner core - dense and solid
• Outer core molten or liquid
• Mantle thick layer of rock
• Largest of the 3 layers
• 1800 miles thick
• Mostly solid, but some areas are pliable or
  flexible
• Crust Rocky surface layer
• Frosting on a cake
• b/t 5- 30 miles thick
• Avg. 22 miles
• Thickest mountain
• Thinnest ocean floors

3
Land and Water

• Water 70 of the surface of the earth is water
• Land 7 major land groups continents
• Landforms classified by the differences in relief
  change in elevation between the highest and
  lowest points.

4
4 Major Types of Landforms

• Mountains high relief, 2000 ft above
  surrounding terrain.
• Hills lower and more rounded. Nebraska
• Plateaus flat land at high elevation
• Plains flat or gently rolling areas, little
  relief, coastal areas.

5
Internal Forces

• Volcanoes comes from the ancient Roman god
  Vulcan worked with hot iron and gold.
• How do Volcanoes form?
• Magma breaks through the earths crust causing an
  eruption.
• 2 Types of Molten Rock
• Magma Molten rock inside the earth
• Lava Molten rock on the earths surface.

6
Changes in the Earths Crust

• Fold
• rock bends or buckles up
• Fault
• more stress
• Causes rock to break

7
Geologic History

• Most changes in the earth are so small they are
  not noticeable.
• Theory of Pangaea SuperContinent
• 1. Plate Techtonics
• 2. Continental Drift
• 3. Sea Floor Spreading
• 4. Plate Movement
• 5. When the Plates meet

8
Plate Boundaries

• Spreading
• Plates are pulling away from each other
• Diverging plate boundary or spreading zone
• Earthquakes and volcanoes common
• Subduction
• Caused when a continental plate meets and oceanic
  plate
• Oceanic plate is more dense and goes under the
  lighter continental plate
• Andes Mountains
• 3. Converging
• - 2 plates of the same type meet
• 2 oceanic plates
• 2 continental plates meet
• Himalayans
• 4. Faulting
• 2 plates slip or grind past each other
• San Andreas Fault in California