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Evolucin Darwiniana

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Title: Evolucin Darwiniana


1
Evolución Darwiniana
Biol. Luis José Delaye Arredondo
Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM
2
Zacryptocerus varians
3
Design must have had a Designer
. . . when we come to inspect the watch, we
perceive. . . that its several parts are framed
and put together for a purpose, e.g. that they
are so formed and adjusted as to produce motion,
and that motion so regulated as to point out the
hour of the day that if the different parts had
been differently shaped from what they are, or
placed after any other manner or in any other
order than that in which they are placed, either
no motion at all would have been carried on in
the machine, or none which would have answered
the use that is now served by it. . . . the
inference we think is inevitable, that the watch
must have had a maker -- that there must have
existed, at some time and at some place or other,
an artificer or artificers who formed it for the
purpose which we find it actually to answer, who
comprehended its construction and designed its
use.
The marks of design are too strong to be got
over. Design must have had a designer. That
designer must have been a person. That person is
GOD.
William Paley (1743-1805)
Natural Theology or, Evidences of the Existence
and Attributes of the Deity, Collected from the
Appearances of Nature (1802)
4
La adaptación como el principal fenómeno que
requiere explicación
Al considerar el origen de las especies se
concibe perfectamente que un naturalista,
reflexionando sobre las afinidades mutuas de los
seres orgánicos, sobre sus relaciones
embriológicas, su distribución geográfica,
sucesión geológica y otros hechos semejantes
puede llegar a la conclusión de que las especies
no han sido independientemente creadas, sino que
se han originado como las variedades, de otras
especies. Sin embargo, esta conclusión , aunque
estuviese bien fundada, no sería satisfactoria
hasta tanto que pudiese demostrar cómo las
inumerables especies que habitan el mundo se han
modificado hasta adquirir esta perfección de
estructuras y adaptación mutua que causa, con
justicia, nuestra admiración.
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
On The Origin of Species by Means of Natural
Selection, or Preservation of Favored Races in
the Struggle for Life (1859)
5
Evidencia de Evolución
Organos vestigiales
Afinidades mutuas de los seres orgánicos
Su distribución geográfica
Sobre sus relaciones embriológicas
6
Selección Natural como su mecanismo más probable
7
Cómo Darwin llega a concebir la teoría de
Evolución por Selección Natural?
8
population increases in a geometric ratio, while
the means of subsistence increases in an
arithmetic ratio
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
An Essay on the Principle of Population as it
affects the Future Improvement on Society, with
Remarks on the Speculation of Mr. Godwin, M.
Condorcet and other Writers (1798)
9
El Argumento de la Selección Natural
Ernst Mayr (1991)
10
Variación individual al interior de las
poblaciones
11
Herencia de una parte de la variación individual
Geospiza fortis
12
El Argumento de la Selección Natural
Ernst Mayr (1991)
13
Uniformitarismo
La importancia central de los eventos diarios y
palpables de la naturaleza y su importancia y
poder, para explicar toda la evolución por
acumulación
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
Principles of Geology (1832)
14
El Argumento de la Selección Natural
Ernst Mayr (1991)
15
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17
Las cinco principales teorías de Darwin
Evolución como tal Gradualismo Especiación
poblacional Selección natural Origen común
Ernst Mayr (1905 - 2005)
18
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
19
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20
S. J. Gould (1941 - 2002)
21
S. J. Gould (1941 - 2002)
22
Scope
Efficacy
The claim that these microevolutionary modes and
processes can, by extrapolation through the
vastness of geological time, expline the full
panoply of lifes changes in form and diversity
The claim that selection acts as the primary
creative force in building evolutionary novelties
Agency
The claim for organismal selection as the causal
locus of the basic mechanism
Natural selection
23
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