Mod

1
Mod 7 Sleeping Waking

• Awareness of Self (thoughts feelings)
• Automatic Processes
• Eating/driving
• Controlled Processes
• learning new activity

2
Altered States

• For example
• Environment is perceived differently
• Sleep
• 5 stages
• Dreaming images

3
Unconscious

• Freud unacceptable
• info storage
• Vs
• Cognitive Theorists factors which
• affect performance

4
Biological Clock

• Or Circadian Rhythm
• 24-25 hour timeline (sleep/wake cycle)
• Run by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
• In the hypothalamus
• Responds to light changes
• Melatonin

5
Other Timing Elements

• Interval Timing Clock
• Start Stop time for activities
• Jet Lag - 1 day per hour of time change
• Light Therapy

6
Stages of Sleep

• Alpha
• Relaxed drowsy, just prior to sleep
• Alpha waves
• Non-REM
• Stages I IV
• 80 of sleep time

7
Stages of Sleep

• Non-REM Stages
• I Transition from wake to sleep
• II Sleep Spindles
• III
• IV (Deep Sleep)

8
Sleep Stages

• REM Sleep
• When dreaming occurs
• Similar to Beta Waves
• 20 of Sleep time
• 5 or 6 phases per night
• Muscle paralysis

9
Sleep Problems

• REM Behavior Disorder
• REM Rebound
• Lack of Sleep

10
Sleep Theories

• Sleep switch
• Repair Theory
• Adaptive Theory
• S.A.D pg. 159 - low daylight

11
Dream Theories

• Freud
• Censored info surfaces in dreams
• Extensions of Waking Life
• Reflect issues of real life

12
Dream Theories

• Activation-Synthesis Theory
• Random, meaningless activity of neurons
• Spirit World
• contact with other souls to reflect solve
  problems

13
Sleep Interferents

• Insomnia
• Psychological
• Physiological
• Sleep Apnea
• Stop breathing during sleep

14
Sleep Interferents

• Narcolepsy Sleep attacks
• Night terrors frightening
• w/scream
• Nightmares anxiety related
• Sleepwalking Stage 3 or 4

15
Mod 8 - Consciousness

• Hypnosis
• Suceptibility related to expectations
• Stanford Hypnotic Scale
• Hypnotic Induction

16
Theories of Hypnosis

• Altered State Theory
• Different state of consciousness (daydreams)
• Socio-cognitive theory
• Social influences/pressures affect responses

17
Other Hypnotic Concepts

• Hypnotic Analgesia
• Post-hypnotic Suggestion
• Age Regression
• (Journey of Souls)

18
Other Hypnotic Concepts

• Post-hypnotic Amnesia
• Imagined Perception
• Creating images
• Behavioral Applications

19
Drug Use

• Psychoactive affects consciousness and level of
  awareness
• Addiction
• Dependence
• Tolerance
• Withdrawal

20
Neural Effects of Drugs

• Mimic Neurotransmitters
• Morphine/Heroin
• Block Reuptake (removal)
• Cocaine, Prozac (SRIs)

21
Drug Categories

• Stimulants
• Methamphetamine
• Cocaine
• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• All result in physical addiction, emotional
  instability

22
Drug Categories

• Opiates mimic neurotransmitters
• Opium
• Morphine
• Heroin
• Very addictive
• Methadone Treatments

23
Drug Categories

• Hallucinogens
• LSD (trip)
• Mushrooms (Psilocybin) awake dreams
• Mescaline-(peyote) headaches/vomiting
• MDMA (Ecstasy) intimacy crave

24
Drug Categories

• Marijuana mild hallucinogen
• THC 10x as much today as in 70s
• Mild euphoria distorted/heightened feelings
• Dangers affects the hippocampus short-term
  memory can lead to apathy

25
Drug Categories

• Depressants
• Alcohol depresses the central nervous system
• .06 - .10 motor/cognitive impairments
• Genetic risk
• Environ. Risk

26
Drug Categories

• Depressants (contd)
• Effects Related to increases in aggression,
  rape, assault, manslaughter, car accidents,
  domestic violence
• 3rd leading health problem

27
Prevention Intervention

• DARE with 5-6th grade students
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy
• Motivational Programs
• 12-Step Program (AA NA)