Rockets

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Rockets

• By Victor Rodriguez
• Principles of tech period 5th

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Table of contents
Practical Rocketry
Table of contents
Modern uses
Introduction
Historical account
NASA launches
Time line
Negative Aspects
Principles
Positive Aspects
How rockets work
Concluding thoughts
Scientific process
Index
Nature of science
Problem solving
Glossary
Processes
Resources
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A brief introduction

• 1History Rockets Development
• 2Scientists believed that the Chinese invented
  rockets and was the first to build a working
  rocket which was describe as "Arrows of flying
  fire" By 1300 the use of rockets has spread
  through out much of Asia and Europe.
• 3These first rockets burned a substance called
  black powder which consisted of charcoal salt
  paper and sulfur which used as a fireworks and as
  a weapon.

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Historical account

• 4During the early 1800"s. Colonel Congreve of
  the British army developed rocket that carried
  explosive, some of these rockets weighed as much
  as 60 pounds .
• 5Several other countries also developed military
  rockets. In 1800"s an English inventor William
  Hale improved accuracy in Military rockets by
  substituted three fins for the long wooden tail
  which was used to guide the rocket, these rocket
  was used in the Mexican war and the American
  Civil war (1861-1865).

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Time line
The success of Indian rocket barrages against the
British in 1792 and again in 1799 caught the
interest of an artillery expert, Colonel William
Congreve.
In 1898, a Russian schoolteacher, Konstantin
Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), proposed the idea of
space exploration by rocket. I
During the latter part of the 17th century, the
scientific foundations for modern rocketry were
laid by the great English scientist Sir Isaac
Newton (1642-1727).
The Congreve rockets were highly successful in
battle. Used by British ships to pound Fort
McHenry in the War of 1812, they inspired Francis
Scott Key to write "the rockets' red glare,"
words in his poem that later became The Star-
Spangled Banner.
A third great space pioneer, Hermann Oberth
(1894-1989) of Germany, published a book in 1923
about rocket travel into outer space.
During the end of the 18th century and early into
the 19th, rockets experienced a brief revival as
a weapon of war.
Somewhere around the year 400 B.C ., Archytas
mystified and amused the citizens of Tarentum by
flying a pigeon made of wood.
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principles

• 5By 1300 the use of rockets has spread through
  out much of Asia and Europe.
• 6A Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
  read about the use of rockets and space travel,
  he became serious and turned his attention to
  rocket theory and worked on a rocket design .

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How rockets work

• 7The rocket climbed 184 ft into air at a speed
  of 60 miles per hour.
• 8American forces captured V-2 missiles and sent
  them to the United States for use in research.

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Scientific Process

• 9Early 20th century. In many of his theory he
  proposed space exploration by rocket, liquid
  propellant, space station and he was the first to
  present the idea of the multistage rocket.
• 10Hermann O Berth a German Scientist led a small
  group of German Engineers and Scientist by
  experimenting on rockets by theory and designing
  in 1923 he published a work in which he proved
  that flight beyond the atmosphere is possible.

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Nature of science

• 11He also proposed liquid propelled rockets,
  multistage rockets, space navigation and re-entry
  system .
• 12 From 1939 to 1945 he worked on Germans war
  rocket programs with Wemher Braun
• 13 The German wanted to build a rocket which
  would carry a bomb from Europe to strike New York
  City.

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Problem solving

• 14Dr. Robert H. Goddard an American Pioneer of
  rockets his design and model eventually led to
  the German big rockets such as the V-2 which was
  used against the allied in World War II.
• 15After the war some scientist went to the
  Soviet Union other came to the USA to continue
  rocketry work.

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process

• 16In 1915 he tested solid fueled models and
  began working on perfecting rocket weapons, one
  of his design was the fore runner of the bazooka
  a tube launched missile, 18 inches long, it was
  tested in 1918.
• 17It was never used in the war because the war
  ended.

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Practical rocketry

• 181919 Dr Goddard a paper which stated that a
  rocket would have worked better in a total vacuum
  than in our atmosphere, he also suggest that a
  multi-stage rocket that can reach high-altitudes
  and even reach the escape velocity of the earth.

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Modern uses

• 19A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft
  which obtains thrust by the reaction to the
  ejection of fast moving exhaust gas from within a
  rocket engine. Often the term rocket is also used
  to mean a rocket engine.
• 20There are many different types of rockets, and
  a comprehensive list can be found in spacecraft
  propulsion- they range in size from tiny models
  that can be purchased at a hobby store, to the
  enormous Saturn V used for the Apollo program.
  There are many different types of rockets, and a
  comprehensive list can be found in spacecraft
  propulsion- they range in size from tiny models
  that can be purchased at a hobby store, to the
  enormous Saturn V used for the Apollo program.
• 21Rockets are used to accelerate, change orbits,
  de-orbit for landing, for the whole landing if
  there is no atmosphere (e.g. for landing on the
  Moon), and sometimes to soften a parachute
  landing immediately before touchdown (see Soyuz
  spacecraft).
• 22Most current rockets are chemically powered
  rockets (internal combustion engines). A chemical
  rocket engine can use solid propellant (see Space
  Shuttle's SRBs), liquid propellant (see Space
  shuttle main engine), or a hybrid mixture of
  both. A chemical reaction is initiated between
  the fuel and the oxidizer in the combustion
  chamber, and the resultant hot gases accelerate
  out of a nozzle (or nozzles) at the rearward
  facing end of the rocket. The acceleration of
  these gases through the engine exerts force
  ('thrust') on the combustion chamber and nozzle,
  propelling the vehicle (in accordance with
  Newton's Third Law). See rocket engine for
  details.

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Rocket Launches
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Negative Aspects

• 23Not all rockets use chemical reactions. Steam
  rockets, for example, release superheated water
  through a nozzle where it instantly flashes to
  high velocity steam, propelling the rocket. The
  efficiency of steam as a rocket propellant is
  relatively low, but it is simple and reasonably
  safe, and the propellant is cheap and widely
  available. Most steam rockets have been used for
  propelling land-based vehicles but a small steam
  rocket was tested in 2004 on board the UK-DMC
  satellite. There are proposals to use steam
  rockets for interplanetary transport using either
  nuclear or solar heating as the power source to
  vaporize water collected from around the solar
  system.
• 24Rockets where the heat is supplied from other
  than the propellant, such as steam rockets, are
  classed as external combustion engines. Other
  examples of external combustion rocket engines
  include most designs for nuclear powered rocket
  engines. Use of hydrogen as the propellant for
  external combustion engines gives very high
  velocities.

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Positive Aspects

• 25Space flight offered new challenges and
  problems very different from aviation .
• 26The evolution of the rocket has made it an
  indispensable tool in the exploration of space.
  For centuries, rockets have provided ceremonial
  and warfare uses starting with the ancient
  Chinese, the first to create rockets

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Concluding thoughts

• 27The rocket apparently made its debut on the
  pages of history as a fire arrow used by the Chin
  Tartars in 1232 AD for fighting off a Mongol
  assault on Kai-feng-fu. The lineage to the
  immensely larger rockets now used as space launch
  vehicles is unmistakable.
• 28But for centuries rockets were in the main
  rather small, and their use was confined
  principally to weaponry, the projection of
  lifelines in sea rescue, signaling, and fireworks
  displays. Not until the 20th century did a clear
  understanding of the principles of rockets
  emerge, and only then did the technology of large
  rockets begin to evolve. Thus, as far as
  spaceflight and space science are concerned, the
  story of rockets up to the beginning of the 20th
  century was largely prologue.

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Index

• PG.1ROCKETS DEVELOPMENT
• PG.2CHINESE INVENTORS
• PG.3THE FIRST ROCKET
• PG.4THE BRITISH ARMY
• PG.5 THE ENGLISH INVENTOR (WILLIAM HALE)
• PG.6THE RUSSIAN TEACHER
• PG.8AMERICAN FORCES
• PG.10HERMANN O. BERTHA
• PG.14AMERICAN PIONEER
• PG.18DR.GODDARD
• PG.19 MORE ABOUT ROCKETS
• PG.25SPACE FLIGHT
• PG.26THE EVEOLUTION
• PG.27THE END ABOUT ROCKETS