Visual Aids for Oral Communication

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Visual Aidsfor Oral Communication

• Source Denis Coulombier

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Exchange of information

• Transform
• data -gt information -gt knowledge
• Share
• Paper (reports, articles)
• Oral (presentations)
• Does our message come across?

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Digital versus analog US pedestrians
Digital pedestrian
Analog pedestrian
Pedestrian crossing
X cross !
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Analog pedestrians from around the world
Belgium
France
Russia
Burma
Spain
Zimbabwe
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"Rolling stones" from around the world
US
France
Italy
Germany
Spain
Spain
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Distribution of signs by number of tumbling stones
Germany
Madeira
Belgium
Argentina
Number of countries
8
Chile
7
6
5
4
Ecuador
3
2
1
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
13
14
15
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18
19
20
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Number of tumbling stones
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Digital or analog ?
Distribution of signs by number of tumbling stones
Germany
Madeira
Belgium
Argentina
Number of countries
8
Chile
7
6
5
4
Ecuador
3
2
1
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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Number of tumbling stones
http//www.ips.be/_wbm/rrot09.htm
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Preparation of visual aids

• Text first, then visual aids
• The less fancy, the better
• Always related to what you say

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Two types of visual aids

• Visual data
• digital tables
• analog graphs, charts, maps
• Visual reinforcement
• bullet lists

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Interacting with visual aids

• Visual data
• Give them the floor!
• Visual reinforcements
• Leave them alone!
• Use the pointer appropriately
• Do not forget the audience

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Visual dataTables, charts, maps

• The simpler the better
• Digital or analog ?
• Walk the public through

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Food Specific Attack Rates, Outbreak of
Salmonellosis, Prison X, Dover, Delaware,
September 1992
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Food Specific Attack Rates, Outbreak of
Salmonellosis, Prison X, Dover, Delaware,
September 1992
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Outbreak of Salmonellosis in a Prison, Delaware,
09/1992Food Specific Relative Risks, Saturday
September 12, Lunch
Food

Chicken Salad

Bread

Lettuce Leaves

Sliced Tomatoes

Pear Halves

Iced Tea

Margarine

Vegetable Soup
0.5
5
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Relative Risk (log scale)
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Graphical visual dataGraphs, charts and maps

• One point per slide
• No 3D
• Appropriate color palette

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Characteristics of colors
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Palette for a quantitative variable
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Palette for a qualitative classification
variablesex, socioeconomic status, ...

• Hue palette

• Pattern palette

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How to select a color or pattern
2 colors
3 colors
or
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AIDS Annual Rates per 100,000 Population for
Cases Reported May 1990 through April 1991
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AIDS Annual Rates per 100,000 Population for
Cases Reported May 1990 through April 1991
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Visual reinforcements bullet lists

• Use keywords
• lt than 12 lines
• lt 5 words per line
• Break line properly

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MethodsThe karaoke slide

• We conducted a retrospective cohort survey
  including all people attending the visit of the
  park
• A case was defined as a papular or
  papulo-vesicular pruritic rash, among
  participants, 12 hours or more after the
  exposition to seawater

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Methods

• Survey
• retrospective cohort
• all participants
• Case definition
• rash (papular or papulo-vesicular)
• gt 12 hours after exposition

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Effective text attributes
Prefer
Avoid
Sans serif font
Serif font
Bold type
Normal type
UPPER CASE LETTERS
Lower case letters
Poor contrast
Good contrast
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INEFFECTIVE TEXT ATTRIBUTES

• SERIF FONT
• THIN FONT
• UPPER CASE LETTERS
• POOR CONTRAST

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Ineffective text attributes the bar code font
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Poor contrast
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Small font
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