THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

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THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
"The war of the United States with Spain was very
brief. Its results were many, startling, and of
world-wide meaning." Henry Cabot Lodge
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Philippines
Cuba
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CUBA

• Discovered by Columbus (1493)
• Pearl of Sp. Empire (Sugar)

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U.S. and Cuba Economic Relations

• 1894 90 of Cubas exports go to U.S.
• Raw sugar sold to U.S. refiners
• 90 miles from FL keys

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• Maximo Gomez
• Upset about Spanish taxes and slavery
• Organized Ten Years War (1868-78)
• Military leader of Cuban Revolution (1895)
  inspired by Marti

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Cover illustration by W. A. Rogers Harper's
Weekly (April 30, 1898) Cause of Cuba is one of
ALL Cubans Cuba Libre
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• In response to 1895 Cuban Revolution, General
  Weyler arrives
• Spanish governor in Cuba
• Begins reconcentration policy
• MEAN guy!

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• Discovered by Magellan (1521)
• Major exports Sugar, hemp, tobacco

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Emilio Aguinaldo

• Becomes leader of Katipunan (1897)
• Spain preoccupied w/ Cuba
• Agrees to be exiled to Hong Kong in return for
• Returns in 1898 to help U.S. fight Spain

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Worlds Columbian Exposition Opened May 1, 1893
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Frederick Jackson Turner

• Historian and speaker at the fair
• Frontier has closed (the West)
• Need to open a new frontier (overseas)

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I should welcome almost any war for I think
this country needs one. Theodore Roosevelt
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William Randolph Hearst

• Editor of New York Journal
• Competed w/ Joseph Pulitzers New York World
• Yellow Journalism
• Hearst hires Outcault (cartoonist) from Pulitzer

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Evangelina Cisneros Cuba portrayed as a damsel
in distress
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Battleship Maine January 24, 1898
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Battleship Maine February 15, 1898
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Explosion of Maine

• 26 American sailors killed
• Blamed Spanish Remember the Mainethe hell w/
  Spain!
• Hearsts NY Journal offers 50,000 reward
• President McKinley still avoids war
• Most likely was an accident

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Teller AmendmentApril 1898

• United States disclaims any intention to
  exercise control over Cuba, except for
  pacification, and asserts when that is
  accomplished, to leave the island to its people.
• Demands Spanish forces to w/draw from Cuba

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• Mobilization of
• U.S. Navy
• Assistant Secretary of Navy Theodore Roosevelt
• Commodore Dewey (Asiatic Squadron)
• April 22, 1898 Blockade of Havana led by
  Admiral Sampson

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April 25, 1898
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Mobilization of U.S. Army

• Lafayette College (PA)
• Cornell University (NY)
• U.S.28,000 men
• Spain150,000 men in Cuba

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• Manila Bay
• May 1, 1898
• Deweys Asiatic Squadron defeats Sp.
• Aguinaldo returns to Manila to help U.S.

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First U.S. troops land in Cuba
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Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders charge up
San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898.
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U.S. Victory at Santiago Bay July 17, 1898
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Meanwhile in the Philippines...

• U.S. troops arrive in July (2 months after
  Deweys victory at Manila Bay)
• Spanish running low on food and water
• Spain finally surrenders
• in August 1898

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Yellow fever strikes U.S. soldiers during peace
negotiations2,000 die
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• Treaty of Paris
• Signed on December 10, 1898
• Spain gives up the Philippines, Cuba, Guam, and
  Puerto Rico
• U.S. gives 20 million for the Philippines

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Ratification of TreatyFebruary 6, 1899

• FOR Senators Hoar and Vest (morally wrong)
• AGAINST Senator Nelson and Henry Cabot Lodge
  (duty/obligation to civilize and become world
  power)
• Anti-Imperialist League

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Uncle Sam Wishes to Add Another Star to His
Flag American Monthly Review of Reviews (July
1898)
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Aftermath of War Cuba

• President McKinley passes Platt Amendment
• 1. Cuba made U.S. protectorate
• 2. U.S. can intervene in Cubas affairs
• 3. U.S. can establish naval base at Guantanamo
  Bay

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• Andrew Carnegie
• Industrialist
• Member of Anti-Imperialist League
• Offers to pay 20 million to give the Philippines
  its independence

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Philippine Revolution

• Only language allowed was English, anything
  anti-American was made illegal, Philippine flag
  was banned
• Filipinos refuse to recognize this government
• Brutal guerilla warfare ensues from 1899-1902
• 4,200 U.S. soldiers, 20,000 Filipino soldiers,
  200,000 Filipino civilians dead

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• William Taft
• Aguinaldo captured in 1901
• Appointed governor of the Philippines

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President McKinley assassinated Teddy Roosevelt
becomes President September 1901
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Flag of Cuba
Flag of the Philippines
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Mast of the USS Maine Arlington National Cemetary
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The End