A Necessidade de uma Viso integralizada da

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A Necessidade de uma Visão integralizada da
Qualidade de Energia
Paulo F. Ribeiro, BSEE, MBA, PHD, PE
CALVIN COLLEGE Engineering Department Grand Ra
pids, MI 49546 http//engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_
WEBPAGE/ PRIBEIRO_at_CALVIN.EDU
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Vision "Where there is no vision, the people peri
sh" Proverbs 2918 Philosophy / Strategy N
o aspect of reality should be viewed in
isolation Initiative
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What is the Cost of Power Quality?
What is the Value of Power Quality (Future)?
How are Customers Addressing Power Quality Ne
eds and Risks?
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Outline Power Quality Reality Power Quality -
Challenges Power Quality - Challenges - Exampl
es Power Quality Technical Facts Differentiatin
g Power Quality Approach Integrated Power Qual
ity Integrating Principles Advanced Power Quality
Solutions Power Electronics - Semiconductor Devi
ces The PQ Equation Standards Power Quality Evo
lving Environment Benefits of a Power Quality Pr
ogram Power Quality Integrated Solutions Concl
usions
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Power Quality Reality Power quality problems ar
e expensive for both utilities and end users.
A recent survey conducted by Primen suggests tha
t across all business sectors, the U.S. economy
is losing between 104 billion and 165 billion a
year to outages and another 15 billion to 24
billion to PQ phenomena. EPRI
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Power Quality Reality Power Quality is a seri
ous issue that touches almost all
industrial, commercial and residential customer
s in some way.
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Power Quality - Challenges Flexible Relia
ble Comprehensive Cost Effective (Micro and
Macro)

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Power Quality - Challenges - Examples
As the secure and reliable transmission of
information has become increasingly critical to
business operation, companies are increasing
their spending on third party hosting services
that can guarantee high levels of uptime for
their critical business applications. Costs due
to downtime can be very high.
Below are a few average costs for data center
downtime on the operations of different
businesses Telephone ticket sales 72K
Airline Reservations 90K Credit Card
operations 2,580K Brokerage operations
6,480K
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Power Quality Technical Facts - Differentiating
Steady- State Issues. Transient - Protec
tion Issues Electrical Noise - Issues Wiri
ng Guidelines - Issues
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Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall
picture so that these decisions can be made in an
intelligent way. Power Quality Solutions shoul
d take into consideration Importance of Pow
er Quality Changing Nature of Customer Loads P
rogram Objectives (Service, Load Growth, Profit)
Customer Interface Education and Training Mo
nitoring and Site Surveys
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Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall pictu
re so that these decisions can be made in an
intelligent way. Power Quality Solutions shoul
d take into consideration Solutions to Power Qu
ality Problems Organizational Analysis Customer
Service Functions Marketing Functions Enginee
ring Functions Legal/Regulatory Considerations
Market Research - Market Size - Market Structure
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Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall
picture so that these decisions can be made in an
intelligent way. Power Quality Solutions shoul
d take into consideration Customer Characteristi
cs Competitive Position Marketing Strategies
Developing a Business Plan Need for the PQ
Program Program Objectives
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Power Quality Approach - Integrated
All sectors need to understand the overall
picture so that these decisions can be made in an
intelligent way. Power Quality Solutions shoul
d take into consideration Description of Product
s and Services Financial Projections Personnel
Requirements Equipment Requirements Training
Requirements Advertising/Marketing Program Rev
iew
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Power Quality Technical Aspects
Because today's businesses depend upon keeping
electronic systems up and running, they can no
longer afford power interruptions that could shut
them down. Facility Power Audits Powe
r Quality Enhancements Motors and Controls Protec
tion Standby and Emergency Generators Uninterrup
tible Power Systems Surge Suppressors Power Fact
or Correction
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Power Quality Integrating Principles
What is power quality? Expectations, Specific
ations, Minimum Requirements Why are we concer
ned about power quality? Consequences of power q
uality problems The cost of power quality proble
ms The benefits of power quality design Wh
at are the sensitive loads. What is the life-cy
cle to power quality issue costs and benefits
First cost vs. problem costs Whose costs?
Designs that set correct expectations throughout
the life cycle
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Power Quality Integrating Principles
1. Understand the problem 2. Find the real ca
use before you find the best solution
3. The solution must be always cost effective
4. Be open and work closely with the
customer 5. Be Pro-Active, Not Reactive 6. D
o not go after magic solutions
7. Educate utility and customers 8. Offer alt
ernative PQ Services 9. Be aware of legal issue
s 10. Satisfy the customers - They are always r
ight
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions Software
Wavelet Theory Expert Systems
Fuzzy Logic Genetic Algorithms
Neural Network
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions Hardw
are
Active Harmonic Filters Micro SMES
for Power Quality Large SMES for Transmi
ssion / Distribution PWM Based Higher Pow
er Compensators FACTS Controller, Custom Powe
r Devices Transfer Switches
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions Mea
suring and Monitoring
Artificial Intelligence Instruments
Remote Access Integrated Diagnos
tic Comprehensive System Monitoring C
entralized Monitoring (GPS)
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions
Systems and Concepts
PQ Parks Custom Power / FACTS / Trans
fer Switches Higher Immunity Speci
al Contracts Power Management Companies

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The PQ Equation
A - Electric parameters B - Economic Parameters
C - Structure of the Sector
PQ
PQ Level
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Advanced Power Quality Solutions

Computer Modeling and Simulation
Graphical Environment Inclusion of Artif
icial Intelligence (fuzzy / neural, wavelets)

Integrated Economic Analysis
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Power Electronics - Semiconductor Devices
Decision-Making Matrix
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Standards
Compatibility A Key Componente
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Standards
Compatibility A Key Componente
Relative Trespass Level (RTL)
Uk - measured or calculated harmonic voltage
Uref - harmonic voltage limit (standard or parti
cular equipment)
k - harmonic order
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Standards
Flexibility A Key Componente
Harmonic Distortion Diagnostic Index Applying
Fuzzy Logic ComparisonsAlternative Approach
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Standards - Issues
Limits for Continuous PQ Variations Not a
problem Difficulty in apportioning limits to i
ndividual customers (harmonics)
Limits for disturbances More difficult
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Power Quality Evolving Environment

How To Interpret This?
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Power Quality Evolving Environment

How To Interpret This?
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Benefits of a Power Quality Program
Offer options to customers with PQ concerns
Attract new business to area (regional
development) Facilitate load retention of cur
rent customers Meet changing needs of custome
r's new technology Discourage co-generation o
r self-generation as solutions of
PQ Problems Enhance and public image - as cu
stomers hold company accountable
for both PQ and reliability Add value to ser
vice Serve customers' best interests and save
customers money Support company mission
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Power Quality Cost Analysis Should Include
Lost production Scrap Restart costs Labor
Repair and replacement costs Process inefficie
ncy
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Power Quality Cost Analysis Should Include
Purchase cost Installation costs Operations
costs Maintenance costs Costs due to impact on
losses Reliability considerations
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Power Quality Integrated Solutions
Matching Customer Needs with Utility Servic
es. Establish An Open Environment Optimi
ze Economics
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Conclusions PQ Will continue to grow in impo
rtance as the electric sector operates within a
truly free economy. Utilities, customers and
manufacturers will have to cooperate to establish
a stable model for the power quality industry
sector Differentiated Premium Power will Become
a reality Reliability and Quality will become
as important as Price An integrated Approach Is
Essential Vision, Philosophy/Strategy and Init
iative
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