World War II

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World War II

• Chapter 16 and 17

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Failures of Treaty of Versailles

• Peace did not bring prosperity
• Revolution and economic depression
• Nationalism
• Failures
• Caused anger and resentment
• Germany felt they were treated unfairly
• Soviets upset that part of their land was carved
  out
• People turned to authoritarian leaders

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Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union

• Civil War between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
  led to Soviet control.
• After Lenin dies, fight for control and Joseph
  Stalin wins.
• Communist state
• Agricultural and Economic growth, no privately
  owned farms- use of collectives
• Tried to make country an industrial power with
  his five year plans
• By 1937, they were number 2
• Somewhere between 8-13 million Russians died
  because of this
• Totalitarian Government

4
Benito Mussolini in Italy

• Totalitarian regime
• Played on the fears of economic collapse and
  communism in the middle and upper class
• Fascist Party- stressed nationalism and the
  interests of the state over the individual
• Power in the hands of a strong leader and a small
  number of party officials
• October 1922 Mussolini marched on Rome with his
  black shirts and the king made him the head of
  the government, Il Duce takes power

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Hitler in Germany

• National Socialist German Workers Party or the
  NAZIs, became his partys leader and called
  himself Der Fuhrer
• Jail time wrote Mein Kampf, fascist, extreme
  nationist.
• Called for uniting all German speaking people in
  a great German empire
• Racial purification
• National expansion, needed lebensraum, or living
  space
• Great Depression helped Nazis come to power
• Hitlers private army, the brown shirts (storm
  troopers)
• January 1933 Hitler pronounced Chancellor and
  established the Third Reich after dismissing the
  Weimar Republic

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Hitlers Youth
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Japan

• Nationalistic military tries to take over country
• They wanted more living space
• Launched an attack on Manchuria, part of China in
  1931
• League of Nations condemned them but did nothing
  else
• Militarists in Japan come to power

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More Aggression

• In 1933 Hitler pulled out of the League of
  nations and in 1935 started a build-up of
  Germanys army
• 1936 Hitler took the Rhineland, and the League
  did nothing
• Mussolini took Ethiopia, the League boycotted
  Italy in 1936

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Franco and Spain

• The military under Francisco Franco rebelled
  against the government.
• Spanish Civil War
• 3,000 Americans fought against Franco in the
  Lincoln Battalion
• Mussolini and Hitler supported Franco
• Those two countries form the Rome-Berlin Axis
• 500,000 dead but Franco wins in 1939 and sets up
  a Fascist government

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US Responds Cautiously to Dictators

• Isolationism
• Roosevelt promised to stay out of world events
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Soviet Union
• Neutrality Acts
• Japan invades China

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War in Europe

• Germany then sets its eyes on Austria and easily
  combines with it because the people support
  unification in 1937
• Hitler looked at Czechoslovakia for more living
  space and natural resources
• France and Britain promised to protect
  Czechoslovakia
• However, the leaders, Neville Chamberlain and
  Edouard Daladier wanted to avoid war and since
  Hitler promised no war, they gave him the
  Sudentenland in 1938, he takes all of
  Czechoslovakia in 1939

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Poland

• Hitler wants Poland
• Signs Non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union
  which divides Poland
• Hitler blitzkriegs Poland
• France and Great Britain declare war on Germany
  1939
• French and British sit on the Maginot Line and
  Germany on the Siegfried Line starting the
  Sitzkrieg
• April 1940 Hitler attacks Norway, Netherlands,
  Belgium , and Luxembourg
• Stalin takes Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and
  Finland

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Holocaust

• Persecution of Jews
• Anti-Semitism
• Kristallnacht
• Attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues
• Escape, not likely
• The Final Solution
• Others in Hitlers way

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Holocaust

• Ghettos
• Concentration camps
• Death camps
• Auschwitz, Dachau
• Scientific testing
• 6 million dead

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America Moves Toward War

• 1939 Congress passes the Cash-and-Carry provision
• Neutrality Act of 1939
• Tripartite Pact Axis Powers
• Build up of US National Defense
• First peacetime draft
• 1940 Election
• Lend-Lease Act

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Headed Toward War

• Germany breaks non-aggression pact and invades
  the Soviet Union
• We start Lend-Lease agreement with the Soviets
• German boats start sinking supply ships
• Wolf packs
• FDR allowed warships to attack in self-defense
  1941
• Congress also allowed merchant ships to be armed

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FDR Prepares

• Atlantic Charter with Winston Churchill
• Pledged collective security, disarmament,
  self-determination, economic cooperation, and
  freedom of the seas
• Basis of United Nations

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Japan versus the US

• Hideki Tojo invaded China
• Invade Southeast Asia
• US cuts off trade and begins an embargo on oil
• Tojo looks to war, promises emperor peace
• December 7, a day that will live in infamy
• 2403 Americans were killed 1,178 were wounded, 21
  ships were sunk or damaged, 300 aircraft were
  damaged or destroyed
• Declared War on December 8

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Read p. 562-568

• As a group you will address how the US mobilized
  war in a news reel that would be shown prior to a
  movie in the theaters. You will need to address
  every topic in red as you explain and people act
  out what is going on.

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Home Front

• Jobs!!!!
• Women in the workforce- Rosie the Riveter
• Shift in population
• Children
• 1944 GI Bill of Rights
• Civil Rights Protests
• Congress of Racial Equality
• Riots in the North
• Zoot Suit Riots in LA

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Japanese American Internment

• 1942 removal of 110,000 Japanese-Americans to
  internment camps
• Nisei and Issei
• Some went to war in Europe
• Korematsu v. United Staes
• Japanese American Citizens League 1965
• Ronald Reagan and restitution

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War for the United States

• Battle of the Atlantic
• Hitler successful at first
• Convoys
• By 1943 the tide of the battle had switched to
  the Allies
• Battle of Stalingrad
• German took 9/10 of the city until winter came
• January 1943 Germany surrenders
• 1,100,00 Soviets lost their lives

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North Africa Front

• Opened a second front to get the Germans away
  from the Soviet Union
• Operation Torch led by Dwight D. Eisenhower
• US landed in Casablanca, British started in Egypt
• Chased the Afrika Korps led by Erwin Rommel
• May 1943 take back Africa
• Invade Italy
• Mussolini out, Italy changes sides
• Hitler sent in troops to stop invasion
• Bloody Anzio
• Italy not freed until 1945

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Liberation of Europe

• Plan to invade France under General Dwight D.
  Eisenhower
• Planned attack at Normandy
• Fake plans to attack Calais
• D-Day, Operation Overlord June 6, 1944
• Amphibious assault
• Patton and Bradley advance
• France is liberated by September 1944

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Success in Europe

• Belgium and Luxembourg Freed
• 1944 Election year
• October 1944 troops are in Germany
• Battle of the Bulge
• Germans lose
• April 25, 1945 Soviet troops are in Berlin
• April 29, Hitler and wife kill themselves while
  still blaming the Jews
• Eisenhower accepted unconditional surrender
• May 8 V-E Day
• Roosevelt died before the end, April 12, 1945

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War in the Pacific

• Japanese spread until they have a bigger empire
  than Hitler
• Philippines and MacArthur
• Bataan Death March- 76,000 Americans and
  Filipinos, 20,000 die
• Doolittles Raid
• Battle of Coral Sea
• Battle of Midway
• Battle of Guadacanal
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Kamikaze

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Iwo Jima and Okinawa

• Iwo Jima
• Means sulfur island
• Critical because had two runways that Japanese
  used to attack
• Also we could use to attack Japan
• 20,700 Japanese protected it and were underground
• 6,000 Americans died, only 200 Japanese survived
• Okinawa-April 1945
• 1900 kamikaze attacks, sank 39 ships, damaged 300
  more and killed 5,000 seamen
• By the end on June 21, 1945 7600 Americans dead
  and 110,000 Japanese
• Fear of invading actual Japan

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Manhattan Project

• General Leslie Groves and J. Robert Oppenheimer
• Included 600,000 Americans
• July 16, 1945 Alamogordo, New Mexico- first bomb
  detonated
• Trumans debate
• Hiroshima August 6 the Enola Gay
• Nagasaki August 9
• September 2, 1945 Japan formally
• surrenders to MacArthur on the
• Missouri