LGBT Movement

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LGBT Movement
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LGBT movement topics

1. History and Impact of the Movement
2. Gay Marriage
3. Gays in the Military
4. Transgender Issues

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History Impact of the Movement
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1940s -1950s Targeting of Businesses the
closing of gay bars and businesses that promoted
social gathering of the gay community Anti-gay
partner laws sodomy laws Employment Rights
infringement Black List sparked a conservative
mindset that promoted fear and aggression towards
norm deviations FBI moral perversion
investigation invasion of privacy and
harassment Federal employment restrictions
Eisenhower dismisses sexually perverse federal
employees Kinsey Reports begins open discussion
about human sexuality and begins to fight
stereotypes including homosexuality.
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1960s Jose Sarria Runs for San Francisco city
supervisor Stonewall Riot spurs a more forceful
stand against discrimination
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1970s APA removes homosexuality from mental
illness definitions begins a change in
stereotypes among healthcare professionals Anita
Bryant protest Florida Orange Juice spokes
person fights against gay liberation on the side
of moral preservation Florida bans gay
adoption Harvey Milk Elected on San Francisco
board of supervisors
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1980s First report of AIDS starts a national
fear that points to gay lifestyle as the
catalyst. Turns gay community in to a leper
community. AIDS quilt project brings the
effects and importance of AIDS to public view.
This helps increase public awareness as well as
pushes for government funding and aid. ACT UP
group formed Fights the misconceptions regarding
AIDS and fights for AIDS prevention as well as
government funded research 1990s Los Angeles
riots American Medical Association opposes
treatment of homosexuality as it is not seen as
needing a cure Employment Non-Discrimination
Act defeated in US Senate
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• Impact of the LGBT Movement
• Argument 1 The lesbian, gay, bisexual and
  transgender (LGBT) movement has made many
  positive strides through the passing of
  nondiscrimination laws.
• The first law in the U.S. prohibiting
  discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation
  was passed in 1972, in the city of East Lansing,
  Michigan.
• The first law prohibiting anti-transgender
  discrimination was passed in 1975, in
  Minneapolis, Minnesota.
• At the local level, sexual orientation
  discrimination has been banned in more than 200
  U.S. cities and counties.
• Discrimination against transgender people has
  been banned in over 70 U.S. cities and counties.

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State and Local Jurisdictions Lead the Way
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• Argument 2 Federal law does not protect LGBT
  people.
• EDNA In 1994, the Employment Non-Discrimination
  Act of 1994 was in Congress. While this bill
  received much more support from the civil rights
  community and other sponsors, it failed to pass
  by a close 49-50 vote.
• May 1998 President Bill Clinton issued Executive
  Order 13087. This order issues protection for
  LGBT people by prohibiting discrimination in
  federal civilian employment on the basis of
  sexual orientation.
• Because there isnt federal support, over half
  of the U.S. population in 2005 (156 million
  people) can be fired, evicted, or denied places
  of public accommodation because of sexual
  orientation.
• Millions of transgender people also remain
  vulnerable as well.

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• Argument 3 There is increasing growing support
  among the public concerning the protection of
  LGBT people.
• 2003 Gallup Poll Nearly 9 in 10 Americans
  support nondiscrimination of sexual orientation.
• A 2002 study by the Human Rights Campaign shows
  that 3 in 5 respondents support transgender
  nondiscrimination laws.
• Polls show that most Americans still oppose
  homosexuality. In June 2002, a Los Angeles Times
  poll stated that two out of three respondents
  believe that sexual relations between two people
  of the same sex is wrong.
• In the 1990 General Social Survey (GSS), 76
  percent of respondents said that homosexual
  relations were always wrong. In the 2000 GSS,
  that number decreased 59 percent.

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• Factors that shape views of homosexuality are
  based on a gender belief system the assumption
  that what is not feminine must be masculine
  and vice versa
• Support for equal job rights for gays and
  lesbians 1977-2002
• 1977 56 percent favored equal job rights
• 2002 86 percent favored equal job rights
• Attitudes regarding the cause of homosexuality
  1977-2002
• 1982 52 percent of Americans polled thought
  same-sex attraction was due to upbringing
• 2002 more Americans believed that a person is
  born homosexual rather than environment causing
  their sexual orientation (40 percent versus 36
  percent)

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• Argument 4 Nondiscrimination laws are necessary
  for the protection of LGBT people.
• 1997 General Accounting Office Report Despite 9
  states having passed sexual orientation
  nondiscrimination laws, all continued to report
  sexual orientation discrimination cases every
  year.
• 2001 In a statewide survey of lesbian, gay, and
  bisexual New Yorkers, 54 of respondents had
  experienced discrimination in employment,
  housing, or public accommodation since 1996 8
  were fired based on their sexual orientation. 27
  of respondents reported being called derogatory
  names such as faggot and dyke in the
  workplace.

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• Argument 5 State and local laws remain unstable.
• Dade County, Florida Anita Bryants Save Our
  Children Campaign One of the earliest and most
  infamous groups that repealed Dade County,
  Floridas sexual orientation nondiscrimination
  ordinance. In the 1970s, this led to a series of
  anti-gay ballot measures, which also swept into
  the late 1980s and 1990s.
• There have been over 100 anti-gay ballot
  initiatives over the past three decades.
• In some cases, the scope of the backlash went
  beyond the initial nondiscrimination law that was
  passed. For example, in 1992, voters in Colorado
  passed Amendment 2, which repealed all existing
  state and local anti-discrimination laws.
• Since then, in 2007, the state of Colorado banned
  discrimination based on sexual orientation and
  gender identity/expression.

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• Argument 6 Grassroots organizations and LGBT
  groups are behind the progress that has been made
  over the past three decades.
• In the past ten years, nearly 50 percent of the
  statewide sexual orientation nondiscrimination
  laws and 80 percent of statewide transgender
  nondiscrimination laws were passed. Grassroots
  organizations and LGBT groups in different states
  have banned together to make this possible.
• Transgender activists and allies have worked
  together to pass laws which make transgender
  people more visible in society.
• One positive result of the failure of Congress to
  pass same sex marriages has resulted in major
  national LGBT advocacy organizations to become
  more inclusive of transgender people and
  supportive of federal nondiscrimination
  legislation that is transgender-inclusive.

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References Avery, Alison. (2007) America's
Changing Attitudes toward Homosexuality, Civil
Unions, and Same-Gender Marriage 1977-2004
Social Work v. 52, no. 1 Suffredini, Kara S.
(2005). What a Difference a Decade Makes
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender
Nondiscrimination Law and Policy in the United
States. The Diversity Factor, 13(1), 18-24.
(2003). Homosexuality. Contexts, 2(2),
58. VH1 The Sex Revolution Documentary,Social
Movement Growth, Domain Expansion, and Framing
Processes The Gay/Lesbian Movement and Violence
against Gays and Lesbians as a Social Problem
Author(s) Valerie Jenness , Stonewall by Martin
Duberman, The World Turned by John DEmilio The
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. (2008).
Graph illustration Nondiscrimination Laws Map,
July 31, 2008. Retrieved from
http//www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/reports/issu
e_maps/non_discrimination_7_08_color.pdf
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GayMarriage
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Equality

• All people should have the same rights and
  liberties that all citizens of the United States
  have.
• GLBT persons are not second class citizens,
  separate, or segregated people
• 1,049 protections, benefits, and responsibilities
  extended to married couples under federal law
• 14th Amendment of the US Constitution

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Discrimination

• What is Discrimination?
• States protect married couples in important ways,
  hospital visitation, right to inherit, medical
  decisions in an emergency all these are denied
  GLBT persons
• There are some religions that celebrate or accept
  GLBT marriages, to have them be classified as
  illegal or unconstitutional is impinging on their
  freedom of religion

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• GLBT Relationships are Immoral
• Leviticus 18 20 labels homosexuals as
  abomination and sentences them to the penalty of
  death
• Who else is labeled abomination in the same book?
• Who else should be sentenced to the penalty of
  death?

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Point to make?
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Arguments against Gay Marriage

• Repeated studies show that it is love and care
  that are central to raising children
• Children of GLBT couples do not have
  higher incidences of a GLBT lifestyle
• Majority of convicted sex offenders are
  heterosexual males

• Same sex couples provide a bad environment for
  raising a child
• The child will turn out gay
• Gay people are all pedophiles

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Where are we now?

• Banned States
• Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California
  Colorado Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Kansas
  Kentucky Louisiana Michigan Mississippi Missouri
  Montana Nebraska Nevada North Dakota Ohio
  Oklahoma Oregon South Carolina South Dakota
  Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Wisconsin

• Legal States
• Connecticut
• Iowa
• Maine (Effective 09/14/09
• Massachusetts
• New Jersey (as civil union)?
• Rhode Island
• Vermont
• Washington (as Domestic partners)?

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Under a handglass

• Many people have concerns about the intense
  scrutiny given gay marriage and of the
  consequences of fighting for marriage equality
• Language and ideology behind the gay marriage
  issue may be too narrow
• Nuclear Family? To fit in or not to fit in
• All GLBT couples as permanent, monogamous, and
  desiring of a nuclear family structure?
• Legal recognition for a wide variety of
  relationships should be available, as well as
  access to all to government support programs

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Gays in the Military
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Argument

• The Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy is not
  imperative for national security, operational
  readiness, and is out-dated. This policy
  discriminates not only homosexuals but women as
  well. The U.S. military undermines its
  credibility by ceasing to cite other foreign
  militaries when the anecdote no longer conforms
  to the argument of the United States.

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Dont Ask, Dont Tell PolicyStates

• Dont Ask
• Commanders or appointed inquiry officials shall
  not as, and members shall not be required to
  reveal, their sexual orientation.

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• Dont tell
• A basis for discharge exists ifthe member has
  said that he or she is a homosexual or bisexual,
  or made some other statement that indicates a
  propensity or intent to engage in homosexual
  acts

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• Dont Pursue
• More than a dozen specific investigative limits
  as laid out in Department of Defense instructions
  and directives comprise Dont Pursue. It is
  the most complicated and least understood
  component of the policy. These investigative
  limits establish a minimum threshold to start an
  inquiry and restrict the scope.

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Policy Continued

• A service member can be investigated and/or
  administratively discharged only if she/he
• States that he or she is lesbian, gay, or
  bisexual
• Engages in physical contact with someone of the
  same sex for the purposes of sexual gratification
• Marries, or attempts to marry, someone of the
  same sex

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Investigation

• Only a service members commanding officer may
  initiate an inquiry into homosexual conduct.
• In order to begin an inquiry, the commanding
  officer must receive credible information from a
  reliable source that a service member has
  violated the policy.

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History

• 1981-DoD makes homosexual conduct grounds for
  discharge
• 1994-Clinton tries to lift the ban on gays in the
  military
• Congress threatened to establish the ban as
  federal law so Clinton delayed the lift
• Six months later-Clinton and Congress passed the
  National Defense Authorization Act, commonly
  referred to as the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy
• 2009-Obama states he will repeal the Dont Ask,
  Dont Tell policy to allow gays in the military

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President Obama States.

• Discrimination of any type should be prohibited,
  even in the military.
• He will work with military leaders to repeal the
  current Dont Ask, Dont Tell Policy, to allow
  gays in the military.

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Gender Norms in the Military

• The Good Soldier
• Heterosexual gender norms
• Stereotypical male qualities aggressive,
  violent, unemotional
• Opposite of the Good Soldier
• Female qualities nurturing, sympathetic,
  relational
• Woman threaten the male bonding experience
  necessary to reinforce male characteristics and
  produce good soldiers

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Gender Norms continued

• Heterosexual Norms Reinforce Male Bonding
• Most important aspect of male bonding, thus
  homosexuals are outsiders
• Hyper-masculinity is Primary for Combat
• Promoted as necessary to produce an effective
• good soldier for combat

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Military Readiness

• Homosexuals do not damage morale, discipline, and
  good order in those countries that have open
  service.
• 24 nations allow homosexuals to serve in armed
  forces
• No study has shown any of the 24 nations that
  allow homosexual soldiers to serve in uniform has
  suffered a decline in performance
• Israel, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, Brazil,
  and Japan experience homosexuals serving openly
  as a non-event

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Former Lieutenant Commander of the British Navy
Craig Jones offers this

• There will always be incidents involving
  racial prejudice or gender issues, things
  experienced by society. But by and large,
  integration of gay soldiers has been a hugely
  positive experience--and we're a better
  organization for it

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However

• As of May 1, 2009, President Obama changed his
  strategy and now supports changing Dont Ask,
  Dont Tell in a sensible way that strengthens our
  armed forces and our national security.

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Transgender Issues
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Sex, Gender Bipolarity

• Sex is defined as the anatomy of a person.
• The traditional view of sexes have women and men
  separated, but sex in nature recognizes
  intersexed and transsexual individuals.

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• Gender is the appearance and behavior of a person
  and how they see themselves.
• Women typically are more accepted to display
  masculine characteristics than men.

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Sexual Orientation vs. Gender Identity vs. Sexual
Identity

• In regards to sexual orientation, the gender and
  sex one identifies with is separate from one
  another.
• Sexual Orientation is defined as which sex do you
  find erotically attractive
• The same sex (homo),
• The opposite (hetero) or both (bi)

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• Sexual Identity and Gender Identity are not the
  same thing as gender and sex.
• For instance, ones sex can be biologically male,
  yet they their sexual identity is female. This
  person could wish to physically change their body
  to match their sexual identity.
• Gender identity is the way one sees themselves
  socially, and prefers to relate in social aspects
  as the opposite sex.

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Definitions/Terms

• In the LGBT community, there are ways people
  define themselves, just like mini communities
  within a high school
• Drag Queen Female-emulating male, usually campy,
  often (not always) gay
• Butch Masculine-appearing person
• Femme Feminine-appearing person
• Drag King Male-emulating woman
• Crossdresser Polite term for transvestite

Hedda Lettuce
Rupaul
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• Transsexual Person whose sexual identity is
  opposite to their assignment at birth. Not all
  TS folk undergo sex reassignment surgery (SRS),
  for various reasons, including personal
  preference. Sexual orientation varies.

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Violence Against The Transgendered

• Transgendered people are often the victims of
  violence.
• 85 of Victims are African American or Latino.
• 92 of victims are biological males presenting
  female traits
• Most cases involve extreme violence
• 40 of murders happen in California and Texas

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Transgender Movement

• Many in the Transgender movement feel that the
  mainstream GLBT movement is under representing
  the Transgendered
• Some feel that for the sake of assimilation of
  gays and lesbians the transgender issues are
  swept under the rug

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• There are also some that feel the movement is
  too fractured
• With so many acronyms and sub groups, there are
  a lot of different needs