Jung

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Jung

• COUN 5050

"Life, so-called, is a short episode between two
great mysteries, which yet are one"
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Historical Context

• Child of a minister
• Isolated as a child. Developed imaginary
  personality--a wise old man. Possibly some
  dissociation
• Studied as a physician- psychiatrist
• In 1907 he went to Vienna and met Freud. Became
  the first President of the International
  Psychoanalytic Society

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Historical Context

• Jung disagreed on several important points. And
  broke with him in 1913.
• Went through a period of self-analysis that
  some critics think was a psychotic episode
• His theory articulates ideas picked up later by
  other theorists forming a base for transpersonal
  psychology..

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Impact of Context on Theory

• Jungs childhood experience and education
  concerning religion provided an alternative to
  reductionistic-scientific approach he was
  comfortable with mysticism.

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Impact of Context on Theory

• Jungs experience with his childhood imaginary
  personality led him to view the unconscious as
  more organized by the individuals connection
  with the evolution of the species.

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Impact of Context on Theory

• Jungs self-analysis of his relationship with
  Freud set the stage for the dialectic between
  personality as bi-polar opposites versus the move
  to resolve those opposites. His theory is much
  more holistic and integrative..

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Three major themes

• Person unconscious is supplemented by a
• "collective unconscious" consisting of
• universal images

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• Three major themes

• Spiritual needs are at least equally, if not
  more
• important, than basic biological needs
  ("search
• for meaning").

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• Three major themes

• Introverts try to harmonize inner conflicts into
• a whole self. Extravert try to harmonize self
  
• with social realities.

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Jungs Structure of Personality

• Conscious Ego
• (Perceptions, Memories, Thoughts, Feelings)
• Personal Unconscious and Complexes
• Collective Unconscious and Archetypes
• (Persona--Shadow, Anima--Animus)
• Attitudes
• (Introversion--Extraverson)
• Functions
• (Intuition--Sensation, Thinking--Feeling)
• Self..

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Structure of the Personality
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Ego The conscious, individualistic mind the
center of consciousness. The ego is typically
characterized by one dominant attitude
(introversion/extraversion) and by one or two
dominant functions (think/feel sense/intuit).
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• Personal Unconscious and Complexes
• Personal unconscious--unique to each
  individual--repressed, suppressed. All once in
  consciousness and thus retrievable
• Complexes--sub-organizations of psychic material
  concerning a specific motif. To the degree that
  these complexes are repressed or broken off from
  conscious control, they can accumulate more
  psychic energy and lead to pathology
• Jungs concept of psychic energy was not
  constrained to sex and aggression, but is more
  general..

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Personal Unconscious This is formed of socially
unacceptable mental content that was once
conscious but has been forced out of mental
awareness by the defenses.
1. Is in conflict with the ego. 2. Contains the
complexes, which are unconscious clusters of
emotionally laden thoughts that result in a
disproportionate influence on behavior (ex money
complex, mother complex, Oedipus complex).
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Collective Unconscious A communal, species
memory representing the accumulated experiences
of mankind. It is a storehouse of latent
predispositions to apprehend the world in
particular ways. It is the deepest and most
inaccessible layer of the psyche.
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Collective Unconscious

• Collective unconscious at the deepest level of
  unconscious (not directly retrievable) and is
  transpersonal
• It is a result of human evolution and represents
  the universal and eternal.
• Not solely animal instincts, but the accumulated
  psychic culture of an evolved humanity.
• It influences every level of psychic functioning
  by interpreting events through its symbols and
  predispositions. (cf. Man and his Symbols).
• Individual symbols are unique representations of
  archetypes as filtered through the personal
  unconscious and ego..

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Archetypes An archetype is an inherited
predisposition to respond to certain aspects of
the world.
I have often been asked where the archetype
comes from and whether it is acquired or not.
This question cannot be answered directly.
Archetypes are, by definition, factors and motifs
that arrange the psychic elements into certain
images, characterized as archetypal, but in such
a way that they can be recognized only from the
effects they produce.
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They exist preconsciously, and presumably they
form the structural dominants of the psyche in
general. They may be compared to the invisible
presence of the crystal lattice in a saturated
solution. As a priori conditioning factors they
represent a special, psychological instance of
the biological "pattern of behaviour," which
gives all living organisms their specific
qualities. Just as the manifestations of this
biological ground plan may change in the course
of development, so also can those of the
archetype. Empirically considered, however, the
archetype did not ever come into existence as a
phenomenon of organic life, but entered into the
picture with life itself. "A Psychological
Approach to the Dogma of the Trinity" (1942). In
CW 11 Psychology and Religion West and East. P.
222
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Persona The persona is the public face (mask)
one presents to the world for everyone else to
see. It is in opposition to the shadow and is
mostly conscious as a part of personality.
Sometimes the persona is referred to as the
"social archetype" since it involves all the
compromises appropriate to living in a community.
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Shadow The shadow is both a part of the
personality and a archetype. Part of
personality The shadow is the dark side of your
personality that contains the animal (and sexual)
instincts. It is the opposite of the Persona
(mask) and is the part of personality that is
repressed from the ego ideal. As archetype The
importance of the shadow is seen in its symbolic
representation by devils, demons, and evil
spirits.
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The Shadow is the personification of that part of
human, psychic possibility that we deny in
ourselves and project onto others. The goal of
personality integration is to integrate the
rejected, inferior side of our life into our
total experience and to take responsibility for
it.
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Animus From the Greek word for "mind" (spirit).
The male archetype in women. It predisposes woman
to understand the nature of man, serves as the
compensatory rational inner face of the
sentimental female persona, and is experienced as
a masculine voice within the psyche.
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Anima From the Greek word for "soul". The female
archetype in men. It predisposes man to
understand the nature of woman, serves as the
compensatory sentimental inner face of the
rational male persona, and is experienced as a
feminine voice within the psyche.
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Self

• A goal of differentiated self-integration--self-re
  alization
• An archetype of archetypes
• Contains both personal and collective unconscious
  images
• It unites opposing elements of the psyche..

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Attitudes and Functions

• Attitudes
• Extraversion--Introversion
• Functions
• Rational
• Thinking--tells you what it is.
• Feeling--tells you if it is agreeable or not
• Irrational
• Sensation--tells us that something exists
• Intuition--tells you where it comes from and
  where it is going..

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Functions of thought How the person deals with
information from the world.
Intuition
Thinking
Feeling
Sensation
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• Thinking Tells what a thing is, gives names,
  categories to
• things (true, false), defines alternatives,
  and reasons
• objectively.
• Feeling Is basically evaluative tells whether
  something is
• good/bad acceptable/unacceptable
  like/dislike. Do not
• confuse with emotion. Essential notion Is
  the object of value?
• Sensing Tells you what exists detects the
  presence of things.
• Does not evaluate. Is interested in facts and
  objects in the
• objective world focus is on the trees.
• Intuition Uses hunches, sees possibilities,
  sees around corners
• and goes beyond the facts focus in on the
  forest.

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Introversion - Extroversion
The Self
Individuation
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I had to abandon the idea of the superordinate
position of the ego. ... I saw that everything,
all paths I had been following, all steps I had
taken, were leading back to a single point --
namely, to the mid-point. It became increasingly
plain to me that the mandala is the centre. It is
the exponent of all paths. It is the path to the
centre, to individuation. ... I knew that in
finding the mandala as an expression of the self
I had attained what was for me the ultimate. -
C. G. Jung. Memories, Dreams, Reflections.
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Stages of Development

• Infancy and childhood (birth to adolescence) Up
  until age 5 children are primarily expressing the
  collective unconscious
• Youth and young adulthood (adolescence to 35 or
  40) Marked by struggles in establishing work,
  marriage, identity.
• Middle age (35-40 to 65-70) the time of
  individuation, Challenging earlier values and
  ways of doing things. A time to address the
  unexpressed polarities.
• Old age (65-70 to death).

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1st Half
2nd Half ego
self conscious
personality unconscious personality
outer events inner
events achievements
integration doing
being
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Middle Life (40 --gt 60-65) Here the process of
the integration of the shadow dominates. This is
the Fall of life. Introverts have a slight edge
here because of the heavy introspection.
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Midlife Crisis This comes when you are bored
with material success and begin the process of
making sense of your life. There are at least
three possible solutions 1. Denial - don't face
the crisis. You might die at 40 although you
won't be buried until 90. 2. Start all over -
suddenly you discover the unconscious and
proclaim that all your life up to now has been a
lie. You sell your business and become an artist
or a missionary. Sometimes OK, sometimes not. 3.
Start the process of integrating the old life and
the new life into an unified concept of self.
This is when men start of soften up (retire,
become involved with family) and women start to
toughen up (start a business, go into politics).
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Old Age (60-65 --gt Death). Here wisdom (self
spirituality) dominates. This is the winter of
life when you prepare for the next great mystery.
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With increasing age, contemplation, and
reflection, the inner images naturally play an
ever greater part on mans life . . . In old age
one begins to let memories unroll before the
minds eye . . .
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The Shadow
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Anima
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Grand Mae
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Ritual
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Myth
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Fantastic Animal
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The hero

• a hero is a man or woman (then often called a
  heroine), traditionally the protagonist of a
  story, legend or saga, commonly possessed of
  powers far beyond that of a standard human, which
  enable him or her to perform some truly
  extraordinary, beneficial deed (an "heroic deed")
  for which he or she is famous. These powers are
  sometimes not only of the body but also of the
  mind. Heroes are typically opposed by villains.

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The shadow

• The shadow is instinctive and irrational, but is
  not necessarily evil even when it might appear to
  be so. It can be both ruthless in conflict and
  empathetic in friendship. It is important as a
  source of hunches, for understanding of one's own
  more inexplicable actions and attitudes (and of
  others' reactions), and for learning how to cope
  with the more problematic or troubling aspects of
  one's personality.

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The Mother

• Commonly conceived of as a nature goddess, the
  recurrent theme of nature and motherly care go
  hand in hand. As the prominent feature of almost
  all early Indo-European societies, the mother
  archetype manifests itself in a host of deities
  and symbolism (independent and therein).

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The trickster

• who breaks the rules of the gods or nature,
  sometimes maliciously (for example, Loki) but
  usually with ultimately positive effects

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anima

• the anima is the feminine side of a man's
  personal unconscious. It can be identified as all
  the unconscious feminine psychological qualities
  that a man possesses.

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Syzygy

• syzygy to denote an archetypal pairing of
  contrasexual opposites, which symbolized the
  communication of the conscious and unconscious
  minds.

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Light and darkness
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animus

• the animus is the masculine side of a woman's
  personal unconscious. It can be identified as all
  the unconscious masculine psychological qualities
  that a woman possesses.

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child
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The Wise old man

• typically represented by an older father-type
  figure who uses personal knowledge of people and
  the world, to help tell stories that in a
  mystical way illuminate to his audience a sense
  of who they are and who they might become.

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The Self

• general the self refers to the conscious,
  reflective personality of an individual

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Cosmic Images
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Personality

• Polar opposites
• How you interact with the world
• How you process information
• How you make decisions

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Personality
Introversion
Extroversion
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Personality Function
Thinking
Intuiting
Sensing
Feeling
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Personality
Extroversion
Thinking
Intuiting
Sensing
Feeling
Introversion
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Adler and social psychology