#ИМЯ?

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-Solar Energy- Thin Film Photovoltaic

• DFN 2004Spring 2010Gavin Munozgmunoz_at_spsu.edu

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Problem The U.S. Energy Consumption in the
Building Sector
http//architecture2030.org/the_problem/buildings_
problem_why

• Architecture 2030 has become THE movement toward
  a carbon neutral society, creating ways of life
  independent from fossil fuels while at the same
  time lowering the high volume of CO2 emissions
  in the air, making the people of the U.S.
  environmental conscious individuals . It is
  startling to realize that our very own
  profession is the key reason for these alarming
  statistics, and it is now up the very people in
  the building sector to step up and provide a
  solution. Approximately 40 of U.S. firms have
  adopted the 2030 Challenge and growing
• http//architecture2030.org/

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Solution Benefiting from the continuous
natural energy flow
http//scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/

• Denis Hayes once stated that, No country uses as
  much energy as is contained in the sunlight that
  strikes just its buildings, summarizing the
  importance of sunlight as a continuous natural
  energy source. The magnitude of solar energy as a
  potential energy source is seen when one
  recognizes that the total solar energy falling on
  the face of the earth (approximately 7.45x1017
  kwh annually) is 15,000 times greater that the
  worlds consumption (of about 0.5x1014 kwh
  annually).
• Chopra, Kasturi. Why thin film solar cells.
  thin film solar cells (1983)

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First Generationvs. Second Generation
http//www.solarpowerninja.com

• Since the basic crystalline silicon solar cell
  (or First Generation)
• was developed in the 1950s there have been
  little or no major changes, and with shortages
  of silicon and high prices affecting the finished
  costs, the newly emerging thin-filmed solar cells
  (or Second Generation) that use less crystalline
  silicon due to newly found semi-conducting seems
  to be immerging. Thin Filmed technology holds out
  the real promise of more price competitive
  systems, because they can be manufactured with
  dramatically less material, shorter supply
  chains and cheaper, faster processes.
• http//www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/sola
  r-cells.html

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Three Main Approaches to Thin Film Technologies
based on different materials that can be used
for the semi-conductor of a PV cell

• amorphous siliconcadmium telluride
  (CdTe)Indium Gallium Di-Selenide (CIGS)

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amorphous silicon (The First to be Established)
http//www.terrasolar.com/hist.htm

• - The term amorphous is commonly applied to
  non-crystalline- materials prepared by deposition
  from gases.
• Pioneered by United Solar Ovonics (NasdaqGS
  ENER) which sells under the brand Uni-Solar ,this
  technique relies on a small amount of amorphous
  silicon alloy and accounts for about 60 of the
  thin film PV made today. These systems have been
  sold for several years as building-integrated PV
  offering the advantage of nearly undetectable
  systems on rooftops for both commercial and
  residential buildings. Overall efficiency of
  around 13, still lower than crystalline silicon
  but improving. http//www.uni-solar.com/

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Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)(you get what you pay
for)
http//hubpages.com/hub/New-Low-Cost-Solar-Panel

• CdTe modules are cheaper and faster to produce
  than the amorphous silicon with efficiency at
  around 10. The process makes better use of raw
  materials and since Cadmium telluride solar
  panels require 100 times less semiconductor
  material than high-cost crystalline silicon
  panels it has lower production costs to 1 per
  Watt. Cadmium salts as well as other heavy metal
  salts are highly toxic, but when handled with
  care the benefits of CdTe photovoltaic technology
  outweigh the risks.
• http//www.electroiq.com/index/photovoltaics/Thin_
  Film_Solar_Cells/cadmium-telluride.html

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Copper Indium Gallium Di-Selenide (CIGS)
http//www.globalsolar.com/en/technology/innovatio
ns.html

• Global Solar Energy based out of Arizona is on
  the leading edge of Copper Indium DI-Selenide
  (CIGS) and aims to develop silicon-saving or
  -replacing processes by using alternative
  semiconductor materials. Global Solar achieved
  10 average solar cell efficiencythe first CIGS
  company to reach this milestone in a production
  environment
• http//www.globalsolar.com/en/technology/innovatio
  ns.html

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Thin Film Photovoltaic System

• Solar CollectorsDisconnect SwitchData
  SystemDC InverterAC Circuit Breaker

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Building Integrated Photovoltaic's

• The easiest way to introduce photovoltaic's into
  the building sector is not to consider them as a
  bolt on product but rather as actual replicated
  parts of a building

http//www.earthtechling.com
http//www.globalsolar.com
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Commercial Projects

• To the Left is Brightsources 20 MW Power Plant
  in Daggett, California
• To the Right is NRG Energys 21 MW Power Plant in
  Blythe, CA

http//www.basinandrangewatch.org
http//www.pvresources.com/en/sgs.php

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innovating photovoltaic designs

• To the Left is a Concept design for a durable
  unfolding solar designed tent
• To the right is United Nations in Geneva,
  Switzerland Solar Skin

http//gadgetgizmoo.com/tag/tent/
http//www.solardesign.com
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http//i.bnet.com/blogs/sunpower_logo_splash.jpg?t
agcontentcol1