What is CERN?

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What is CERN?
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CERN
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What Happens at CERN?
"In the matter of physics, the first lessons
should contain nothing but what is experimental
and interesting to see. A pretty experiment is in
itself often more valuable than twenty formulae
extracted from our minds."  - Albert Einstein
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These are some of the early creators of modern
physics, at the 7th Solvay Physics Congress in
Brussels, 1933. Even though Max Born said at the
time, "Physics as we know it will be over in six
months," virtually all of particle physics
followed this meeting.
JJ Thomson The Beginning of Particle Physics
Ernest Walton
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What is CERN? About CERN's Name from the Web

• As an outsider, you may refer to us as "CERN, the
  European Laboratory for Particle Physics near
  Geneva", but for legal reasons we will always
  communicate with you as the "European
  Organization for Nuclear Research".

• CERN staff must use the official name in all CERN
  published materials.

• CERN does pure scientific research into the laws
  of nature. We are not involved with nuclear
  weapons.

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What is CERN?
The CERN convention states The Organization
shall provide for collaboration among European
States in nuclear research of a pure scientific
and fundamental character, and in research
essentially related thereto. The Organization
shall have no concern with work for military
requirements and the results of its experimental
and theoretical work shall be published or
otherwise made generally available.
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De Broglie 1949 A Laboratory for the World
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The 20 Member States
Observers UNESCO, EU, Israel, Turkey, USA,
Japan, Russia
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What is CERN doing?
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Accelerators
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CERN Users
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LHC
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International Collaboration
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LHC Experiments
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Construction of CMS
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Compact Muon Solenoid
Hadronic Calorimeter (HCAL) The brass used for
the endcap HCAL comes from recuperated artillery
shells from Russian warships
Solenoid Magnet The CMS magnet will be the
largest solenoid ever built
Data Acquisition The data rate handled by the CMS
event builder (500 Gbit/s) is equivalent to the
amount of data currently exchanged by the world's
Telecom networks
Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) The lead
tungstate crystals forming the ECAL are 98 metal
(by mass) but are completely transparent
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LHC and Computing
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World Wide Collaboration
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Estimated CPU Capacity
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Data Processing
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"DataGrid" is a project funded by European Union.
The objective is to enable next generation
scientific exploration which requires intensive
computation and analysis of shared large-scale
databases, from hundreds of TeraBytes to
PetaBytes, across widely distributed scientific
communities.
The EU-DataGrid initiative is led by CERN
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'The Grid' Is Next Wave of Computing, Labs Hope
The Grid
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web
1990Tim Berners-Lee, a CERN computer scientist
invented the World Wide Web.
The "Web" as it is affectionately called, was
originally conceived and developed for the large
high-energy physics collaborations which have a
demand for instantaneous information sharing
between physicists working in different
universities and institutes all over the world.
Now it has millions of academic and commercial
users.
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WWW
Tim together with Robert Cailliau, another CERN
computer scientist, wrote the first WWW client (a
browser-editor running under NeXTStep) and the
first WWW server along with most of the
communications software, defining URLs, HTTP and
HTML. In December 1993 WWW Tim received the IMA
award and in 1995 Tim and Robert shared the
Association for Computing (ACM) Software System
Award for developing the World-Wide Web.
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Importance of Science
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For more information on the CERN HST Programme
http//teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/