Chapter 1- matter and change

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Chapter 1- matter and change
Bravo 15,000 kilotons
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Introduction
Do Not Need in your Notebook

• It has been said that Chemistry is what connects
  us to the world. Everything we see, taste, and
  touch is matter. Matter is what makes the world a
  real place. Chemistry is the study of matter its
  properties, composition, and how some types of
  matter interact with other types of matter in new
  and interesting combinations.
• Chemistry is heavily involved in many interesting
  and fascinating jobs, from making perfumes to
  investigating crime scenes, from preparing great
  tasting and safe foods to developing life-saving
  drugs.

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Section 1-1

• Chemistry a physical science, is the study of the
  composition, structure, and properties of matter
  and the changes it undergoes.
• Chemical is any substance that has a definite
  composition. Example water is always H2O.
  Everything is made of chemicals.
• Branches of chemistry. Chemistry is divided into
  six main areas of study.

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6 Branches of Chem

• Organic Chemistry- The study of most carbon
  containing compounds. Example C6H12O6 Glucose
• Inorganic Chemistry- The study of all substances
  not classified as organic compounds that do not
  contain carbon. Example H2O Water. High school
  chemistry is mostly inorganic chemistry.
• Physical Chemistry (P-Chem)- the study of the
  properties, changes, and relationship between
  energy and matter.

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• Analytical chemistry- the identification of the
  components and composition of materials.
• Biochemistry- the study of substances and
  processes occurring in living things. Example
  Photosynthesis
• Theoretical Chemistry- the use of mathematics and
  computers to design and predict the properties of
  new compounds.

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Types of Research

• Basic Research-how and why
• Applied Research- solve a specific problem.
  Example the depletion of the ozone layer.
• Technological Development-involves the production
  and use of products that improve our quality of
  life. Technology is the application of scientific
  knowledge to solve problems. Examples Computers
  and biodegradable materials.

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Section 1-2

• Mass is the measure of the amount of matter.
• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
  (occupies) space. Examples air, smoke, water
  vapor.
• Atom is the smallest unit of an element that
  maintains the properties of that element.
• Element is a pure substance made of only one kind
  of atom. Periodic Table.

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• Compound is a substance that is made from the
  atoms of two or more elements that are chemically
  bonded.
• Physical properties can be observed or measured
  without altering the identity of a material.
  Example melting ice to find the melting point.
• Extensive Physical Properties- depend on the
  amount of matter present and include mass,
  length, and volume.
• Intensive Physical Properties- do NOT depend of
  the amount of matter. Examples melting point,
  boiling point, Density, ductility, malleability,
  color, crystal shape

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• Physical change is any change that does NOT
  result in a change in identity. Examples cutting
  wire, crushing a solid, gas expanding.
• Changes in state is a physical change. Example
  melting, boiling, freezing.
• Chemical Properties relates to a substances
  ability to undergo changes that alters it
  identity. Example a chemicals reactivity.

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• Chemical change or reaction (Rxn) when a
  substance is converted into different substance.
  Examples milk souring, leaves changing color in
  the fall.
• Basic Chemical Formula
• A B ? C
• A and B are called Reactants
• ? is read as yields
• C is the product (s)

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4 states of matter

• Solids have definite shape and volume. Particles
  are packed closely together.
• Liquids have definite volume but, no shape
• Gases have neither a definite volume nor definite
  shape.
• Plasma is a gaseous system of charges particles.
  Found on the sun.

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Weight vs. Mass

• Weight is the pull of gravity on an object.
• Mass is the quantity of matter.
• Astronauts in space.

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• Law of conservation of mass states that matter
  can NOT be either created or destroyed by
  ordinary chemical or physical changes. Examples
  burning wood, nuclear reactions
• Law of conservation of energy states that E can
  NOT be either created or destroyed but it can be
  converted from one form to another. Examples
  Kinetic potential energy.

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Classification of Matter

• Mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of
  matter, each of which retains its own identity
  and properties and can be separated physically.
• 2 types of mixtures
• Homogeneous (solutions) have uniform composition
  throughout. Examples air, sugar in water,
  stainless steel.
• Heterogeneous not uniform. Examples granite,
  wood, blood.

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Do Not Need in your Notebook
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• A pure substance has a fixed composition and
  differs from a mixture by all pure substance have
  exactly the same physical and chemical properties
  and every sample of given pure substance has
  exactly the same composition.
• Pure substances can be classified as either
  compounds or elements.

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Pure substances

• Compound is a substance that is made from the
  atoms of two or more elements that are chemically
  bonded. Examples water, sodium chloride, sucrose.
  Can not be separated physically.
• Element made of one pure substance that cannot be
  decomposed by chemical changes. Examples gold,
  silver, hydrogen.

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Section 1-3

• Periodic table of elements is divided into small
  squares that have one element in each square.
• Elements have been named from their Latin
  meaning, places, famous scientist and from
  mythology.

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N O B L E
Non-metals
F A M I L y
Metals Lf of step
Period

• Family or groups- vertical columns (18)
• Period- horizontal rows (7)
• Metals- ductile, malleable, lustrous, conduct
  heat and electricity, high tensile strength
• Nonmetals- brittle, dull, poor conductor
• Metalloids- have some characteristics of metals
  and nonmetals. Are semiconductors
• Nobel gases- family 18 unreactive gases as room
  temp. WHY???

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Work Cited

• July 25, 2006. Pigs in Space. JPG.
  http//www.porphyrios.it/index.php?m20050718
• July 25, 2006. Chemistry.
• http//www.aprenda.info/Chemistry.asp
• July 27, 2006. Periodic Table illustration.
  http//www.physast.uga.edu/classes/phys1010/heil/a
  nnouncement20files/equations/unit_4_eqs/periodic_
  table_illustr.png
• Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Modern Chemistry.
  Harcourt Brace Company. 1999.
• Title slide Bomb picture. July 25, 2006.
  http//www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/Powerpoint/Un
  it1/Unit1_files/frame.htm