Western Europe WORLD WAR II

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Western EuropeWORLD WAR II
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Effects of World War I on Europe

• League of Nations
• International organization formed to maintain
  peace in Europe
• U.S. never joined
• Didnt work very well
• Dissolved on April 18, 1946
• Responsibilities were transferred to the United
  Nations after World War II

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• Germany very bitter and angry over terms of
  Treaty of Versailles
• They have lost all HOPE.
• Hitler has been selected as Chancellor of
  Germany.
• He has given his people hope BUT will change
  everything . . . . .

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Worldwide Depression

• Lasted from 1929 through the mid-1940s.
• Known as The Great Depression in the US, but
  was a worldwide depression.
• Resulted in the closing of hundreds of banks,
  loss of millions of jobs, and great suffering
  worldwide.

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Worldwide Depression

• In Germany, which was already suffering greatly
  economically because of the conditions of the
  Treaty of Versailles, life got even worse.
• Under these desperate conditions, the Germans
  will turn to Adolf Hitler to restore them to
  glory, which will pave the way for the beginning
  of World War II

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fascism vs. Nazism

• Nazism (Hitler)
• Combination of various ideas
• Focus of party was based on anger for the Treaty
  of Versailles and hatred for Jews
• Advocated the superiority of the Aryan race

• Fascism (Mussolini)
• A political / economic system in which businesses
  are privately owned BUT government controlled
• Highly militaristic government and very
  restrictive

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When Where did WWII take place?

• When 1939 1945
• United States didnt become involved until 1941
  after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on 12/7/41

• Where ???
• European Theater
• Pacific Theater
• Pearl Harbor, USA

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European Theater . . . . Watch carefully as the
territory changes hands.
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Pacific Theater
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What were the causes of World War II?

• Extreme nationalism (still!)
• EXTREME pride in ones country
• Rise of dictators in Europe
• Hitler in power in Germany
• Mussolini in power in Italy
• Severe worldwide depression
• This depression is a continuation of the Great
  Depression in the USA
• Hitlers expansion through Europe
• Austria (March, 1938)
• Czechoslovakia, Lithuania, Albania (March, 1939)

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What event started World War II?

• Sept. 1, 1939
• Germany invades Poland after ignoring ultimatum
  issued by Britain
• Sept. 3, 1939
• Britain declares war on Germany at 1115 am, and
  France declares war at 5 pm.
• By the time the U.S. enters the war in Dec. 1941,
  Germany will have taken over 15 European nations!
  

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Whose side am I on?

• Allied Powers
• Big Three
• United States
• Great Britain
• Soviet Union
• China and France also played a role in the Allied
  Powers

• Axis Powers
• Germany
• Nazi
• Italy
• Fascist
• Japan
• Imperial

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Other Nations Involved
Allied Powers
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Other Nations Involved

• Albania
• Bulgaria
• Finland
• Germany
• Hungary
• Italy
• Japan
• Romania
• Thailand

Axis Powers
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Important People of WWIIAllied powers

• Franklin Roosevelt (FDR)
• President of the USA
• Active role in supporting allies during early
  stages of WWII
• Led USA into WWII after the attack on Pearl
  Harbor
• Member of the Big Three
• Harry Truman
• President of the USA
• Replaces FDR as President in April 1945
• Makes final decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on
  Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945

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• Winston Churchill
• Prime Minister of England
• Known for his inspiring speeches during wartime
• Member of the Big Three
• Joseph Stalin
• Leader of the Soviet Union (USSR)
• Set economic goals to rebuild USSR after WWI
• Brutal dictator that demanded complete obedience
  through terror
• Put every aspect of Soviet life under Communist
  control
• Member of the Big Three

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Important People of WWIIAxis Powers

• Adolf Hitler
• Promised to stabilize, rebuild and revive the
  economy
• Formed the Nazi party in Germany
• est. Dictatorship
• Blamed Jewish population for most of Germanys
  problems
• Laid the foundation for the Holocaust
• Benito Mussolini
• Suspends democratic liberties and became dictator
  of Italy
• Founded the Fascist party in Italy
• Focused on the Glorious Past prior to WWII

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• Emperor Hirohito
• Japanese emperor during World War II

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WWII Timeline

• May 10, 1940
• Hitler invades France
• June 1940
• Italy declares war on Allied Powers
• France surrenders to Germany
• August 1940
• Battle of Britain begins
• German Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force
• First major battle to be fought entirely by air
  forces
• Includes the Blitz on London

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WWII Timeline

• June 1941
• Germany invades Russia
• Fight there for two years before surrendering to
  Russia in January of 1943
• December 7, 1941
• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
• December 8, 1941
• U.S. declares war on Japan
• May 1942
• U.S. defeats Japan in Battle of the Coral Sea

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WWII Timeline

• September 1943
• Allies invade Italy
• Italy surrenders
• June 6, 1944
• D-Day Battle of Normandy
• Allied invasion of France
• Largest seaborne invasion in history
• Almost 3million troops crossed the English
  Channel to Normandy
• August 1944
• Germans driven out of France

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WWII Timeline

• May 8, 1945
• V-E Day Victory in Europe
• Germany surrenders officially

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WWII Timeline

• August 6, 1945
• U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
• equal to 20,000 tons of TNT
• killed 80,000 people
• August 9, 1945
• U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan
• (Cold War Begins!!!!)

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WWII Timeline

• September 2, 1945
• V-J Day Victory over Japan
• Japan officially surrender
• WAR IS OVER!!!

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Effects of World War II

• Germany divided into 4 sections
• Eventually leads to the establishment of 2
  nations
• West Germany Democratic
• East Germany - Communist
• United Nations formed
• Created to maintain peace around world
• Very similar to League of Nations after WWI
• U.S. joins this one
• United Nations still around today . . . . BUT
  not really effective again.

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• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) formed
• Alliance formed to counter communism
• Cold War begins
• Communism spreads

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What was the Holocaust?

• The systematic destruction of the Jews and others
  during World War II
• Those the Nazi party deemed inferior.
• Over 6 million people killed in death camps
  throughout Europe
• Story of Anne Frank

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What was the Cold War?

• The Cold War was a war of words between the two
  Superpowers that emerged after World War IIthe
  United States and the Soviet Union.

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What was the Cold War?

• The Cold War lasted 50 years, and while there was
  bloodshed as a result (Korean Vietnam Wars),
  neither the U.S. or the Soviet Union exchanged
  fire directly.

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What was the Cold War?

• Characterized by
• Nuclear arms race both nations built nuclear
  weapons, each wanting to have the most. (the more
  nuclear weapons you had, the more powerful you
  were)
• Intense distrust between the U.S. and the Soviet
  Unionwhy?
• The Soviet Union was a communist dictatorship,
  and the U.S. was a democracy. The ideals of the
  two governments naturally oppose each other.

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U.S.S. Arizona at Pearl Harbor
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Normandy, France . . . Today
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WWII Memorial Washington D.C.
A field of 4,000 sculpted gold stars on the
Freedom Wall commemorates the more than 400,000
Americans who gave their lives, and symbolized
the sacrifice of families across the nation.
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Japanese-American Internment Camps 1942-1946

• Imprisonment lock up, put away, sentenced
• Captivity jailed, arrest, seize, apprehension
• Confinement impede, hinder
• Custody keeping, in charge, supervision
• Incarceration custody, warden, keeper, guardian
• Detention hold, confine, control, restrain, keep
  back

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Japanese-American Internment Camps 1942-1946
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Japanese-American Internment Camps 1942-1946
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Rosie the Rivetor
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European History Quiz

• GIVE A COMPLETE ANSWER FOR EACH!!
• 1. How did Prince Henry the Navigator contribute
  to European exploration? (2 things!)
• 2. List three ways exploration affected Europe.
• 3. Explain how European exploration and
  colonization contributed to the start of World
  War I.
• 4. How did the Treaty of Versailles and the
  results of World War I affect Germany?
• 5. What was the Cold War?
• SHOW WHAT YOU KNOW!! (2 pts. Each)
• Where did the Renaissance begin?
• Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
• Which two sides fought against each other in
  World War I?
• Which two sides fought against each other in
  World War II?
• Which two countries emerged as Superpowers after
  World War II?