Chapter 33, Section 4 The Cold War Divides the World

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Chapter 33, Section 4 The Cold War Divides
the World
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• Fighting for the Third World
• A. Cold War Strategies
• 1. U.S., Soviet Union, China all used
  techniques to
• gain influence in the Third World
• a. backed wars of revolution, liberation, or
  
• counterrevolution
• b. CIA KGB used secret activities (ex.
  spying)
• c. the U.S. gave military financial aid

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• B. Association of Nonaligned Nations
• 1. some nations wished to stay neutral in the
  Cold War
• 2. 1955 Bandung Conference formed
• a. nonaligned nations (independent
  countries)
• 3. India and Indonesia were able to maintain
  neutrality

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• II. Confrontations in Latin America
• A. Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution
• 1. Fulgencio Batista
• a. unpopular dictator had U.S. support
• 2. Fidel Castro
• a. led revolution to overthrow Batista, 1959
  
• b. brought social reforms improved economy
  
• c. harsh dictator
• 1. stopped elections, jailed/executed
• opponents, controlled press
• d. Nationalized Cuban economy took over
• U.S. owned sugar mills refineries
• 1. President Eisenhower ordered an
• embargo on all trade with Cuba
• a. Castro turned to Soviets for help

Fidel Castro
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• 3. The Bay of Pigs
• a. CIA trained anti-Castro Cuban exiles
• b. April 1961 they invaded Cuba, landing
  at the
• Bay of Pigs
• c. U.S. did not provide air support
• d. embarrassment for the U.S.

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• B. Nuclear Face-Off the Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1. Nikita Khrushchev leader of the Soviet
  Union
• a. built 42 missile sites in Cuba in July
  1962
• b. discovered by U.S. spy planes in Oct.
  1962
• c. seen as a threat, and President Kennedy
• demanded their removal, blockaded Cuba
  
• d. Khrushchev removed missiles U.S. promised
  
• not to invade Cuba
• 2. Cuba now dependent on Soviet Union
• a. Castro backed revolutions in Latin
  America
• Africa in return for Soviet aid
• b. Soviet aid ended in 1991, hurt Cubas
  economy
• c. Castro loosened state control of economy
  
• sought better relations with other
  nations

President Kennedy meets with Khrushchev
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• Confrontations in the Middle East
• A. Religious and Secular Values Clash in Iran
• 1. Iran (Persia before 1935)
• a. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
• 1. embraced Western govts wealthy
• Western oil companies
• b. Prime Minister Muhammad Mossadeq
• 1. leader of Iranian nationalists who
• disliked the shah
• 2. nationalized a British-owned oil co.,
• forced the shah to flee
• c. U.S. helped restore the shah to power

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
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• B. The United States Supports Secular Rule
• 1. Irans capital, Tehran, featured
  skyscrapers, foreign
• banks, modern factories
• 2. many Iranians still lived in poverty
• 3. the shah tried to weaken influence of
  Irans
• conservative Muslim leaders, known as
  ayatollahs
• 4. Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini used
  tape-recorded
• messages to riot Irans major cities in
  1979
• a. returned to establish an Islamic state

Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
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• C. Khomeinis Anti-U.S. Policies
• 1. strict adherence to Islam
• 2. in 1979, with Khomeinis permission, young
  Islamic
• revolutionaries seized the U.S. embassy
  in Tehran
• a. took 60 Americans hostage
• b. demanded the U.S. to force the shah to
  face
• trial
• c. Most hostages remained prisoners for 444
  days
• released in 1981
• 3. Khomeini encouraged Muslim radicals to
  overthrow
• their secular govts
• a. heightened tensions between Iran Iraq
• 1. Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq as a secular
• leader
• 2. Iran Iraq fought from 1980 1988
• 3. U.S. supported both nations

American hostages
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• D. The Superpowers Face Off in Afghanistan
• 1. Soviet Union invaded in 1979, supporting
  Communist
• 2. U.S. supplied Afghan rebels with weapons
  b/c they
• considered the Soviet invasion a threat
  to oil supplies
• 3. President Carter warned Soviets not to
  gain control of
• the Persian Gulf
• a. he stopped U.S. grain shipments to
  Soviets
• b. ordered a U.S. boycott of the 1980 Moscow
  
• Olympics
• 4. Mikhail Gorbachev new Soviet president
• a. withdrew Soviet troops by 1989
• b. by then, the Soviet Union was falling
  apart

President Jimmy Carter
Mikhail Gorbachev
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• Daily Essential Questions
• How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?
• Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan?