Deviance and Social Control

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Deviance and Social Control

• Deviance Violation of cultural norms
• Behavior that challenges cultural values,
  beliefs
• Crime

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All of us are deviants

• Even deviants conform to most expectations most
  of the time

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Deviance is Relative

• Historically based
• Context sensitive

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Theories of Deviance

• Biological
• Medicalization of deviance
• Psychological
• Sociological
• Functionalism
• Conflict
• Symbolic interactionism

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Functionalist Theories

• Deviance performs important functions for society

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It is also dysfunctional
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Strain Theory (R. Merton)
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U.S. Society

• Goals
• Status, respect, sufficient income to live
  comfortably
• Means
• Hard work, educational achievement, occupation

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(No Transcript)
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Strain Theory

• Helps explain

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Social Control Theories

• T. Hirschi comformity depends on strength of
  bonds between individual and society

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Social Control Theories

• Pre-modern to Modern Societies
• (U. Bronfenbrenner, Split Level Family)

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Conflict Theory

• The definition of deviance and who is labeled
  deviant depends upon power and class

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Symbolic Interaction Theories

• Differential association (Sutherland and Cressy)
• Labeling theory

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Percent of Soc. 134 Students Who Report
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• Underscores social definition of deviance
• Applies to greater range of deviance
• Generates empathy for deviants

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Society under Siege(CNN)Crime in the U.S.

• Trends in crime in U.S.
• Victimization rates
• Who is arrested for crime
• Social control of crime

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Percent Change in all Crimes from 1973 Bureau
of Justice Statistics
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Regional Crime Rates 2002 Violent and Property
Crimes per 100,000 Inhabitants
Regional Crime Rates 2002 FBI Uniform Crime
Report Violent and Property Crimes per 100,000
Inhabitants
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Number of Murders in Iowa 1960 to 2005 (Iowa
Dept of Public Safety, 2000 to 2005 D.M.
Register)
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Who Are the Victims of Crime?

• You are more likely to be a victim if you are

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Bureau of Justice Statistics
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Who Is Arrested for Crime?

• Not the same as Who Commits Crime?
• Flawed indicator of crime
• All offenses

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Social Control of Crime

• Goals
• Deterrence
• Rehabilitation
• Retribution (Punishment)
• Societal protection

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Bureau of Justice Statistics
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• The number of U.S. residents incarcerated,
  exceeded the __________________.
• _________________adult males were in state or
  federal prisons compared to 275 per 100,000 in
  1980.

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• U.S. spent over 57 billion in total justice
  system expenditures in 1999, up from 11.6
  billion in 1982 (Sourcebook of Criminal Justice
  Statistics 2001).

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Deterrence
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Criminal Justice Funnel Crimes
Committed100 Crimes Reportedto the
Police Persons Arrested  Persons
Convicted Persons Imprisoned    
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Rehabilitation

• Recidivism rate in U.S. is 30 to 60 depending
  upon jurisdiction

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Retribution

• Criminals make amends, pay back for crime

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Crime Prevention

• The research of David Olds at the Prevention
  Research Center, Univ. of Colorado
• 1985- first study in Appalachian NY, 2000 revisit

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• Women pregnant with first baby volunteered for
  study
• Low income, unmarried, under 19 years
• Experimental treatment

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• 15 years later
• Children in experimental group compared to
  control groups

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• Since Elmira, NY study replicated in two other
  states with similar findings