Growth of Western Democracies

1
Growth of Western Democracies
2
Britain Becomes More Democratic
1

• Why did reformers seek to change Parliament in
  the 1800s?
• What values did Queen Victoria represent?
• How did the Liberal and Conservative parties help
  bring a new era to British politics?

3
Reforming Parliament
1

• In 1815, Britain was a constitutional monarchy.
  Yet, it was far from democratic
• Less than five percent of the people had the
  right to vote.
• Wealthy nobles and squires dominated politics.
• The House of Lords could veto any bill passed by
  the House of Commons.
• Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants could not
  vote or serve in Parliament.
• Populous new cities had no seats in Parliament,
  while rural towns with few or no voters still
  sent members to Parliament.

4
Reforming Parliament
1

• The Great Reform Act of 1832
• It redistributed seats in the House of Commons.
• It enlarged the electorate by granting suffrage
  to more men.
• The Peoples Charter
• Great Reform Act did not help rural or urban
  workers
• Chartists called for the following reforms
• Universal male suffrage
• Annual Parliamentary elections
• Secret ballots

5
The Victorian Age
1
From 1837 to 1901, the greatest symbol in British
life was Queen Victoria. Although she exercised
little real political power, she set the tone for
what is now called the Victorian age.

• Victoria embodied the values of duty, thrift,
  honesty, hard work, and respectability. She
  embraced a strict code of morals and manners.
• Under Victoria, the British middle class and
  growing numbers of the working class felt great
  confidence in the future. That confidence grew
  as Britain expanded its already huge empire.
• Victoria had over 300 million subjects
• Victoria supported reforms for the working class

6
Queen Victoria1837-1901
7
A New Era in British Politics
1

• In the 1860s, the old political parties regrouped
  under new leadership
• The Tories became the Conservative party, led by
  Benjamin Disraeli.
• The Whigs evolved into the Liberal party, led by
  William Gladstone.
• In the late 1800s, these two parties pushed for
  suffrage to be extended. By centurys end,
  almost-universal male suffrage had been achieved.
  
• In 1911, a Liberal government passed measures to
  limit the power of the House of Lords. In time,
  the House of Lords would become a largely
  ceremonial body, while the elected House of
  Commons would reign supreme.

8
1
Britain Becomes More Democratic Review

• The Great Reform Act did which of the following?
• a) It granted suffrage to women.
• b) It granted suffrage to all men.
• c) It granted suffrage to more men.
• d) It granted suffrage to all men and women.
• In the 1860s, the Tories became the
• a) Whig party.
• b) Conservative party.
• c) Liberal party.
• d) House of Lords.

9
1
Britain Becomes More Democratic Review

• The Great Reform Act did which of the following?
• a) It granted suffrage to women.
• b) It granted suffrage to all men.
• c) It granted suffrage to more men.
• d) It granted suffrage to all men and women.
• In the 1860s, the Tories became the
• a) Whig party.
• b) Conservative party.
• c) Liberal party.
• d) House of Lords.

10
A Century of Reforms
Suffrage
Improve Working Conditions
Abolition
11
Division and Democracy in France
3

• What domestic and foreign policies did Napoleon
  III pursue?
• What impact did the Dreyfus affair and other
  challenges have on the Third Republic?
• How did the French government take steps toward
  reform in the early 1900s?

12
Napoleon III
13
Napoleon III
3
DOMESTIC POLICIES
FOREIGN POLICIES

• Issued a new constitution that extended
  democratic rights.
• Promoted investment in industry and large-scale
  ventures.
• Legalized labor unions, extended public education
  to girls, and created a small public health
  program.

• Unsuccessfully tried to turn Mexico into a French
  satellite.
• Helped Italian nationalists defeat Austria and
  gained Nice and Savoy.

14
Franco-Prussian War

• During the Franco-Prussian War
• Napoleon is captured
• Germans siege Paris
• Republicans in Paris declare an end to the Second
  Empire of Napoleon III.
• The Third Republic begins

15
Challenges of the Third Republic
3

• In 1871, an uprising broke out, as rebels set up
  the Paris Commune. The government violently
  suppressed the Paris Commune, leaving bitter
  memories that deepened social divisions within
  France.
• In the first ten years of the Third Republic, 50
  different coalition governments were formed and
  fell.
• A series of political scandals shook public trust
  in the government.

16
The Dreyfus Affair
3

• In the Dreyfus affair, a Jewish officer was
  falsely accused of treason to cover up corruption
  in the military. The controversy scarred French
  politics and society for decades.
• The Dreyfus affair reflected the rise of
  anti-semitism in Europe.

17
Reforms in France
3
France achieved serious reforms in the early
1900s.

• New laws were passed regulating wages, hours, and
  safety conditions for workers.
• A system of free public elementary schools was
  created.
• A law was passed to separate church and state.
• The womens rights movements made some gains, but
  women were not granted suffrage until after World
  War II.

18
Division and Democracy in France Assessment
3

• In the first 10 years of the Third Republic,
• one coalition government ruled consistently.
• 10 different coalition governments were formed
  and fell.
• 50 different coalition governments were formed
  and fell.
• the Paris Commune dominated French politics.

C 50 different coalition governments were
formed and fell.
19
Division and Democracy in France Assessment
3

• The Dreyfus affair reflected
• the rise of religious unity in Europe.
• the rise of democracy in Europe.
• the rise of radical politics in Europe.
• the rise of antisemitism in Europe.

D The rise of antisemitism in Europe.
20
Expansion of the United States
4

• How did the United States extend its territory?
• How did American democracy grow before and after
  the Civil War?
• What impact did economic growth and social reform
  have on the United States?

21
Territorial Expansion
4
From the earliest years of its history, the
United States followed a policy of expansionism,
or extending a nations boundaries.
22
Expanding Democracy
4
BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
AFTER THE CIVIL WAR

• States slowly expanded suffrage so that by the
  1830s, most white men had the right to vote.
• Some Americans, called abolitionists, called for
  an immediate and complete end to slavery.
• The womens rights movement fought for equality
  and the right to vote.

• Three amendments to the Constitution banned
  slavery throughout the country and granted
  political rights, including the right to vote, to
  African American men.
• Still, African Americans faced segregation and
  economic hardships.

23
Abraham Lincoln
24
Economic Growth
4
By 1900, the United States was the worlds
leading industrial giant.

• Cotton mills turned out great quantities of
  mass-produced goods.
• Rich coals and iron resources fed other
  industries.
• A huge work force, swelled by immigrants, labored
  in the mines and factories.
• Farm output soared as settlers flooded the
  fertile Midwest.
• A growing network of transportation and
  communication aided economic growth.

25
Social Reform
4
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid
industrialization and a growing need for reform.

• In the late 1800s, farmers and city workers
  supported the new Populist party. The Populists
  sought reforms, such as an eight-hour workday.
• By 1900, reformers known as Progressives again
  pressed for change. They sought laws to ban
  child labor, limit working hours, regulate
  monopolies, and grant suffrage to women.

26
Expansion of the United States Assessment
4

• Which territories did the United States acquire
  after 1845?
• a) Florida and the Louisiana Purchase
• b) Texas, the Mexican Cession, and Florida
• c) Florida, Alaska, and the Mexican Cession
• d) Alaska, the Mexican Cession, and Oregon
  Country

D Alaska, the Mexican Cession and Oregon Country
27
Expansion of the United States Assessment
4

• Which group was granted suffrage by the Fifteenth
  Amendment?
• a) women
• b) all people aged 18 or older
• c) African American men
• d) people in the District of Columbia

C African American men
28
Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
3

• How did Canada achieve self-rule?
• How did European settlement change the course of
  Australian history?
• How did New Zealand emerge as an independent
  nation?

29
Canada, 18671914
3
30
How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?
3

• When France lost Canada to Britain in 1763,
  thousands of French-speaking settlers remained.
• In 1791, Britain passed the Canada Act, which
  created two provinces

• Upper Canada English Speaking, English
  traditions and Protestant
• Lower Canada French Speaking, French traditions
  and Catholic
• During the 1800s, unrest grew in both colonies.

31
How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?
3

• In 1839, the Durham Report called for the two
  Canadas to be reunited and given control over
  their own affairs.
• In 1840, Parliament passed the Act of Union, a
  major step toward self-government.
• Canadian legislature would control domestic
  issues
• British government controlled foreign issues

32
How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?
3

• As Canada expanded westward, John Macdonald and
  George Étienne Cartier urged confederation, or
  unification, of all Canadas provinces.
• Britain passed the British North America Act of
  1867, creating the Dominion of Canada. It united
  four provinces into a dominion, or self-governing
  nation. Six additional provinces later joined
  the union.

33
Geography of Australia and New Zealand
3
34
Europeans in Australia
3

• In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed Australia for
  Britain. At that time, it was too distant to
  attract European settlers.
• Australia had long been inhabited by indigenous
  people, later called Aborigines. When white
  settlers arrived, the Aborigines suffered
  disastrously.
• In 1788, Britain made Australia into a penal
  colony.
• In the early 1800s, Britain encouraged free
  citizens to emigrate to Australia.
• In 1851, a gold rush in eastern Australia brought
  a population boom.
• By the late 1800s, Australia had won a place in a
  growing world economy.

35
Europeans in Australia
3

• 1901, Britain helped colonies of Australia to
  unite into one independent Commonwealth of
  Australia
• They recognized the monarch of England as their
  head of state
• Australian constitution drew ideas from British
  and American constitution
• Quick to give women the right to vote and first
  to introduce a secret ballot

36
New Zealand
In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New Zealand for
Britain.
New Zealand pioneered in several areas of
democratic reform. In 1893, it became the first
nation to give suffrage to women. Later, it
was in the forefront of other social reforms.
Missionaries arrived to convert the local people,
the Maoris, to Christianity.
In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand.
By the 1870s, Maori resistance crumbled. Many
Maoris died in the struggle.
1907, won independence. Kept ties with Britain
but had their own parliament, prime minister and
elected legislature.
37
Self Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Assessment
3

• Under the British North America Act of 1867,
  Canada
• a) became a confederation.
• b) became a dominion.
• c) was divided into Upper Canada and Lower
  Canada.
• d) was colonized by the British.

B became a dominion
38
Self Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Assessment
3

• The original purpose Britain had for Australia
  was
• a) as a penal colony.
• b) as a wool market.
• c) to mine for gold and silver.
• d) as a military base.

A as a penal colony