Title: Growth of Western Democracies
1Growth of Western Democracies
2Britain Becomes More Democratic
1
- Why did reformers seek to change Parliament in
the 1800s? - What values did Queen Victoria represent?
- How did the Liberal and Conservative parties help
bring a new era to British politics?
3Reforming Parliament
1
- In 1815, Britain was a constitutional monarchy.
Yet, it was far from democratic - Less than five percent of the people had the
right to vote. - Wealthy nobles and squires dominated politics.
- The House of Lords could veto any bill passed by
the House of Commons. - Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants could not
vote or serve in Parliament. - Populous new cities had no seats in Parliament,
while rural towns with few or no voters still
sent members to Parliament.
4Reforming Parliament
1
- The Great Reform Act of 1832
- It redistributed seats in the House of Commons.
- It enlarged the electorate by granting suffrage
to more men. - The Peoples Charter
- Great Reform Act did not help rural or urban
workers - Chartists called for the following reforms
- Universal male suffrage
- Annual Parliamentary elections
- Secret ballots
5The Victorian Age
1
From 1837 to 1901, the greatest symbol in British
life was Queen Victoria. Although she exercised
little real political power, she set the tone for
what is now called the Victorian age.
- Victoria embodied the values of duty, thrift,
honesty, hard work, and respectability. She
embraced a strict code of morals and manners. - Under Victoria, the British middle class and
growing numbers of the working class felt great
confidence in the future. That confidence grew
as Britain expanded its already huge empire. - Victoria had over 300 million subjects
- Victoria supported reforms for the working class
6Queen Victoria1837-1901
7A New Era in British Politics
1
- In the 1860s, the old political parties regrouped
under new leadership - The Tories became the Conservative party, led by
Benjamin Disraeli. - The Whigs evolved into the Liberal party, led by
William Gladstone. - In the late 1800s, these two parties pushed for
suffrage to be extended. By centurys end,
almost-universal male suffrage had been achieved.
- In 1911, a Liberal government passed measures to
limit the power of the House of Lords. In time,
the House of Lords would become a largely
ceremonial body, while the elected House of
Commons would reign supreme.
81
Britain Becomes More Democratic Review
- The Great Reform Act did which of the following?
- a) It granted suffrage to women.
- b) It granted suffrage to all men.
- c) It granted suffrage to more men.
- d) It granted suffrage to all men and women.
- In the 1860s, the Tories became the
- a) Whig party.
- b) Conservative party.
- c) Liberal party.
- d) House of Lords.
91
Britain Becomes More Democratic Review
- The Great Reform Act did which of the following?
- a) It granted suffrage to women.
- b) It granted suffrage to all men.
- c) It granted suffrage to more men.
- d) It granted suffrage to all men and women.
- In the 1860s, the Tories became the
- a) Whig party.
- b) Conservative party.
- c) Liberal party.
- d) House of Lords.
10A Century of Reforms
Suffrage
Improve Working Conditions
Abolition
11Division and Democracy in France
3
- What domestic and foreign policies did Napoleon
III pursue? - What impact did the Dreyfus affair and other
challenges have on the Third Republic? - How did the French government take steps toward
reform in the early 1900s?
12Napoleon III
13Napoleon III
3
DOMESTIC POLICIES
FOREIGN POLICIES
- Issued a new constitution that extended
democratic rights. - Promoted investment in industry and large-scale
ventures. - Legalized labor unions, extended public education
to girls, and created a small public health
program.
- Unsuccessfully tried to turn Mexico into a French
satellite. - Helped Italian nationalists defeat Austria and
gained Nice and Savoy.
14Franco-Prussian War
- During the Franco-Prussian War
- Napoleon is captured
- Germans siege Paris
- Republicans in Paris declare an end to the Second
Empire of Napoleon III. - The Third Republic begins
15Challenges of the Third Republic
3
- In 1871, an uprising broke out, as rebels set up
the Paris Commune. The government violently
suppressed the Paris Commune, leaving bitter
memories that deepened social divisions within
France. - In the first ten years of the Third Republic, 50
different coalition governments were formed and
fell. - A series of political scandals shook public trust
in the government.
16The Dreyfus Affair
3
- In the Dreyfus affair, a Jewish officer was
falsely accused of treason to cover up corruption
in the military. The controversy scarred French
politics and society for decades. - The Dreyfus affair reflected the rise of
anti-semitism in Europe.
17Reforms in France
3
France achieved serious reforms in the early
1900s.
- New laws were passed regulating wages, hours, and
safety conditions for workers. - A system of free public elementary schools was
created. - A law was passed to separate church and state.
- The womens rights movements made some gains, but
women were not granted suffrage until after World
War II.
18Division and Democracy in France Assessment
3
- In the first 10 years of the Third Republic,
- one coalition government ruled consistently.
- 10 different coalition governments were formed
and fell. - 50 different coalition governments were formed
and fell. - the Paris Commune dominated French politics.
C 50 different coalition governments were
formed and fell.
19Division and Democracy in France Assessment
3
- The Dreyfus affair reflected
- the rise of religious unity in Europe.
- the rise of democracy in Europe.
- the rise of radical politics in Europe.
- the rise of antisemitism in Europe.
D The rise of antisemitism in Europe.
20Expansion of the United States
4
- How did the United States extend its territory?
- How did American democracy grow before and after
the Civil War? - What impact did economic growth and social reform
have on the United States?
21Territorial Expansion
4
From the earliest years of its history, the
United States followed a policy of expansionism,
or extending a nations boundaries.
22Expanding Democracy
4
BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
AFTER THE CIVIL WAR
- States slowly expanded suffrage so that by the
1830s, most white men had the right to vote. - Some Americans, called abolitionists, called for
an immediate and complete end to slavery. - The womens rights movement fought for equality
and the right to vote.
- Three amendments to the Constitution banned
slavery throughout the country and granted
political rights, including the right to vote, to
African American men. -
- Still, African Americans faced segregation and
economic hardships.
23Abraham Lincoln
24Economic Growth
4
By 1900, the United States was the worlds
leading industrial giant.
- Cotton mills turned out great quantities of
mass-produced goods. - Rich coals and iron resources fed other
industries. - A huge work force, swelled by immigrants, labored
in the mines and factories. - Farm output soared as settlers flooded the
fertile Midwest. - A growing network of transportation and
communication aided economic growth.
25Social Reform
4
The Industrial Revolution brought rapid
industrialization and a growing need for reform.
- In the late 1800s, farmers and city workers
supported the new Populist party. The Populists
sought reforms, such as an eight-hour workday. - By 1900, reformers known as Progressives again
pressed for change. They sought laws to ban
child labor, limit working hours, regulate
monopolies, and grant suffrage to women.
26Expansion of the United States Assessment
4
- Which territories did the United States acquire
after 1845? - a) Florida and the Louisiana Purchase
- b) Texas, the Mexican Cession, and Florida
- c) Florida, Alaska, and the Mexican Cession
- d) Alaska, the Mexican Cession, and Oregon
Country
D Alaska, the Mexican Cession and Oregon Country
27Expansion of the United States Assessment
4
- Which group was granted suffrage by the Fifteenth
Amendment? - a) women
- b) all people aged 18 or older
- c) African American men
- d) people in the District of Columbia
C African American men
28Self-Rule for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
3
- How did Canada achieve self-rule?
- How did European settlement change the course of
Australian history? - How did New Zealand emerge as an independent
nation?
29Canada, 18671914
3
30How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?
3
- When France lost Canada to Britain in 1763,
thousands of French-speaking settlers remained. - In 1791, Britain passed the Canada Act, which
created two provinces
- Upper Canada English Speaking, English
traditions and Protestant - Lower Canada French Speaking, French traditions
and Catholic - During the 1800s, unrest grew in both colonies.
31How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?
3
- In 1839, the Durham Report called for the two
Canadas to be reunited and given control over
their own affairs. - In 1840, Parliament passed the Act of Union, a
major step toward self-government. - Canadian legislature would control domestic
issues - British government controlled foreign issues
32How Did Canada Achieve Self-Rule?
3
- As Canada expanded westward, John Macdonald and
George Étienne Cartier urged confederation, or
unification, of all Canadas provinces. - Britain passed the British North America Act of
1867, creating the Dominion of Canada. It united
four provinces into a dominion, or self-governing
nation. Six additional provinces later joined
the union.
33Geography of Australia and New Zealand
3
34Europeans in Australia
3
- In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed Australia for
Britain. At that time, it was too distant to
attract European settlers. - Australia had long been inhabited by indigenous
people, later called Aborigines. When white
settlers arrived, the Aborigines suffered
disastrously. - In 1788, Britain made Australia into a penal
colony. - In the early 1800s, Britain encouraged free
citizens to emigrate to Australia. - In 1851, a gold rush in eastern Australia brought
a population boom. - By the late 1800s, Australia had won a place in a
growing world economy.
35Europeans in Australia
3
- 1901, Britain helped colonies of Australia to
unite into one independent Commonwealth of
Australia - They recognized the monarch of England as their
head of state - Australian constitution drew ideas from British
and American constitution - Quick to give women the right to vote and first
to introduce a secret ballot
36New Zealand
In 1769, Captain Cook claimed New Zealand for
Britain.
New Zealand pioneered in several areas of
democratic reform. In 1893, it became the first
nation to give suffrage to women. Later, it
was in the forefront of other social reforms.
Missionaries arrived to convert the local people,
the Maoris, to Christianity.
In 1840, Britain annexed New Zealand.
By the 1870s, Maori resistance crumbled. Many
Maoris died in the struggle.
1907, won independence. Kept ties with Britain
but had their own parliament, prime minister and
elected legislature.
37Self Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Assessment
3
- Under the British North America Act of 1867,
Canada - a) became a confederation.
- b) became a dominion.
- c) was divided into Upper Canada and Lower
Canada. - d) was colonized by the British.
B became a dominion
38Self Rule for Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Assessment
3
- The original purpose Britain had for Australia
was - a) as a penal colony.
- b) as a wool market.
- c) to mine for gold and silver.
- d) as a military base.
A as a penal colony