National Socialist German Workers Party

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National Socialist German Workers Party

• Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei,
• commonly called NSDAP or
• the Nazi Party

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Racism

• Adherents of the Nazi ideology held that the
  Aryan race were superior to other races, and they
  promoted Germanic racial supremacy and a strong,
  centrally governed state.

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Adolf Hitler

• The most prominent Nazi was Adolf Hitler, who
  ruled Nazi Germany from January 30, 1933, until
  his suicide on April 30, 1945.

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Militarism

• Under Hitler, ethnic nationalism and racism were
  joined together through an ideology of militarism
  to serve his goals.

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Neo Nazis

• Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany
  (including all types of its propaganda), yet
  small remnants and revivalists, known as
  "Neo-Nazis", continue to operate in Germany and
  abroad.

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Fascism

• The term Fascism is often used in a very broad
  sense, to refer to a variety of authoritarian
  nationalist political movements that exist or
  existed in many countries. As such, Nazism is
  usually classified as a particular version of
  Fascism.

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German Fascism

• Since World War II, in which Nazi Germany was
  allied with Fascis Italy, there has been a widely
  held view among historians and the general
  population that Nazism and Fascism are closely
  related.

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Mein Kampf

• In Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler developed his
  political theories. Hitler outlined his views
  based on a racial, religious, and cultural
  hierarchy, placing "Aryans" at the top as the
  superior race, and Jews, Gypsies, and Slavic
  people at the bottom

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• His political policies emerged after closely
  examining and questioning the policies of the
  Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hitler was born as a
  citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic
  and linguistic diversity had weakened it.

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• Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing
  force because it placed power in the hands of
  ethnic minorities who, he claimed, "weakened and
  destabilized" the Empire by dividing it against
  itself. These ideologies emerged at a critical
  time for Germany, having just lost the first
  world war and then entering a period of great
  economic depression.

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• Hitler drew parallels between Lebensraum and the
  American ethnic cleansing and relocation policies
  towards the Native Americans, which he saw as key
  to the success of the U.S.

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Trail of Tears

• Hitler had always admired the Americans for their
  treatment of the Native Americans, and considered
  America to be a shining example of what Germany's
  ambitions should be.

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Lebensraum

• Hitler often compared his Lebensraum policies to
  the Manifest Destiny policy of the United States,
  in which the ultimate destiny of the American
  people was to expand west and defeat the Indians.

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Manifest Destiny

• Manifest Destiny is a phrase that expressed the
  belief that the United States had a divinely
  inspired mission to expand, spreading its form of
  democracy and freedom.

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• Advocates of Manifest Destiny believed that
  expansion was not only good, but that it was
  obvious ("manifest") and inevitable ("destiny").

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• Originally a political catch phrase of the 19th
  century, Manifest Destiny eventually became a
  standard historical term, often used as a synonym
  for the territorial expansion of the United
  States across North America towards the Pacific
  Ocean.

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Early Hitler Actions

• As a Corporal in the German army, Adolf Hitler
  was ordered in September 1919 to investigate a
  small group in Munich known as the German
  Workers' Party.
• The use of the term 'workers' attracted the
  attention of the German Army which was now
  involved in crushing Marxist uprisings.

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German Workers Party

• On September 12, dressed in civilian clothes,
  Hitler went to a meeting of the German Workers'
  Party in the back room of a Munich beer hall,
  with about twenty five people

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Workers Party begins to grow

• In his speeches Hitler railed against the Treaty
  of Versailles and delivered anti-Semitic tirades,
  blaming the Jews for Germany's problems.
  Attendance slowly increased, numbering in the
  hundreds

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NAZI Party Platform

• He proceeded to outline the Twenty Five Points of
  the German Workers' Party, its political
  platform, which included

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NAZI Party Platform

• the union of all Germans in a greater German
  Reich
• rejection of the Treaty of Versailles
• the demand for additional territories for the
  German people (Lebensraum)
• citizenship determined by race with no Jew to be
  considered a German

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NAZI Party Platform

• all income not earned by work to be confiscated
• a thorough reconstruction of the national
  education system
• religious freedom except for religions which
  endanger the German race
• a strong central government for the execution of
  effective legislation.

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Hitler becomes leader of the NAZI Party

• July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler was introduced as
  Führer of the Nazi Party, marking the first time
  that title was publicly used to address him.

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War Reparations

• In April of 1921, the victorious European Allies
  of World War One, notably France and England,
  presented a bill to Germany demanding payment for
  damages caused in the war which Germany had
  started.
• This bill (33 billion dollars) for war
  reparations had the immediate effect of causing
  ruinous inflation in Germany.

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Runaway Inflation

• The German currency, the mark, slipped
  drastically in value. It had been four marks to
  the U.S. dollar until the war reparations were
  announced.
• Within a year, it was 1,000,000 marks to purchase
  a U.S. dollar.

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Fall out from Versailles

• Germans lost their life savings. Salaries were
  paid in worthless money. Groceries cost billions.
  Hunger riots broke out.
• In September of 1923, the German government made
  the fateful decision to resume making payments.
  Bitter resentment and unrest swelled among the
  people, inciting extremist political groups to
  action and quickly bringing Germany to the brink
  of chaos.

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NAZI attempt to capture Munich

• Around 11 a.m. on the morning of November 9, a
  column of three thousand Nazis, led by Hitler,
  Göring and Ludendorff marched toward the center
  of Munich. Carrying one of the flags was a young
  party member named Heinrich Himmler.

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Hitler sentenced to prison

• On April 1, 1924, Hitler was taken to the old
  fortress at Landsberg and given a spacious
  private cell with a fine view.

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Hitler released after 9 months.

• Shortly before Christmas 1924, Hitler is released
  from prison. He decides to abandon thoughts of
  armed rebellion and commits to getting the NAZI
  party elected democratically.

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Wall Street Crashes

• On October 29, the Wall Street stock market
  crashed with disastrous worldwide effects. First
  in America, then the rest of the world, companies
  went bankrupt, banks failed and people instantly
  lost their life savings.
• Unemployment soon soared and poverty and
  starvation became real possibilities for
  everyone.

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• Adolf Hitler and the Nazis waged a modern
  whirlwind campaign in 1930 unlike anything ever
  seen in Germany.
• Hitler traveled the country delivering dozens of
  major speeches, attending meetings, shaking
  hands, signing autographs, posing for pictures,
  and even kissing babies.

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• On election day September 14, 1930, the Nazis
  received 6,371,000 votes, over eighteen percent
  of the total, and were thus entitled to 107 seats
  in the German Reichstag.
• It was a stunning victory for Hitler.
• Overnight, the Nazi party went from the smallest
  to the second largest party in Germany.

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Hitler for President
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Nuremberg Race Laws

• March 16 - Hitler violates the Treaty of
  Versailles by introducing military conscription.
• Sept 15 Hitler introduces the Nuremberg Race Laws

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The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935

• The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German
  Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them
  the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The
  laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or
  have sexual relations with Aryans or to employ
  young Aryan women as household help.

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Hitler ignores Treaty

• Germany withdraws from the league of nations
• Hitler begins to implement plans to take over the
  world
• Introduced conscription to build up the army
• This was in violation of the Treaty of Versailles

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Hitlers Vital Space

• Territory needed to restore Germanys pride.
• Hitler wanted to repair the mistakes of the
  Treaty of Versailles
• Four territories were targeted for expansion
• Rhineland
• Austria
• Czechoslovakia
• Poland

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• Occupied the Rhineland

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Rhineland

• Formally known as Alsace-Lorraie
• Disputed land between Germany and France
• Germany occupied it in March of 1936 in defiance
  of the Treaty of Versailles

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Austria

• Formally Austria-Hungary, German speaking country
• Hitler promised not to attack it
• Forced takeover was called anschluss
• Not strong enough to oppose Germany
• German troops took it over in March 1938

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Czechoslovakia

• Formerly part of Austria-Hungary
• Important for Hitlers expansion to the East
• Non-aryan people
• German troops occupied it in March of 1939

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Sudentenland

• The Sudetenland was part of Germany until 1806
  and of the German Confederation between 1815 and
  1866.
• After the First World War the Sudetenland (some
  11,000 square miles) became part of
  Czechoslovakia
• Hitler wanted this area for his empire
• Rich in resources/easy to defend
• France and Russia agreed to protect Czech from
  Germany

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Munich Conference

• Benito Mussolini suggested to Hitler that one way
  of solving this issue was to hold a four-power
  conference of Germany, Britain, France and Italy.
• This would exclude both Czechoslovakia and the
  Soviet Union, and therefore increasing the
  possibility of reaching an agreement and
  undermine the solidarity that was developing
  against Germany.

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Munich Conference

• On 29th September, 1938, Adolf Hitler, Neville
  Chamberlain, Edouard Daladier and Benito
  Mussolini signed the Munich Agreement which
  transferred the Sudetenland to Germany.
• In return, Hitler promised not to make any
  further territorial demands in Europe.
• This is known as appeasement (to buy off (an
  aggressor) by concessions usually at the
  sacrifice of principles )

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• The German Army marched into the Sudetenland on
  1st October, 1938. As this area contained nearly
  all Czechoslovakia's mountain fortifications, she
  was no longer able to defend herself against
  further aggression

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Anschluss

• German connection, or political union
• also known as the Anschluss Österreichs, was the
  1938 "inclusion" of Austria into "Greater
  Germany" by the Nazi regime.

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Germany Invades Austria

• On the morning of 12 March, the 8th Army of the
  German Wehrmacht crossed the German-Austrian
  border.
• They did not face resistance by the Austrian
  Army on the contrary, the German troops were
  greeted by cheering Austrians.

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German Troops Occupy Austria
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Germany Invades Poland
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World War II Begins

• Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3
  September but otherwise dishonored their treaties
  with Poland by failing to provide Poland with
  military assistance.

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• The Germans slashed through the Polish defenses,
  reaching Warsaw on 9 September

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• In accordance with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact,
  the Soviet Red Army invaded Poland on 17
  September, surrounding the Polish Army by the
  combined German and Soviet forces

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Germany and Soviet Union Partition Poland
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• The last operational unit of the Polish Army
  capitulated on 6 October.
• The Polish government never surrendered, and
  together with many of its remaining land and air
  forces evacuated to neighbouring Romania and
  Hungary.

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• The majority of these troops later joined new
  Polish units in France and the United Kingdom
  where they went on to fight the Axis powers
  throughout the war.

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World War II Begins

• Canada officially entered the Second World War on
  September 10, 1939, and continued at war for
  nearly six years.
• The struggle involved virtually the whole country
  and made enormous demands on the Canadian people,
  whether they were involved in the actual fighting
  or remained on the home front to work in industry
  or farming to support the war effort.

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• September 3, 1939 the passenger liner Athenia is
  torpedoed, killing the first Canadian of the war,
  stewardess Hannah Baird of Quebec.
• This attack is interpreted by the United Kingdom
  as the start of unrestricted submarine warfare.
  However, in Germany it leads to stricter controls
  being issued by the Kriegsmarine.

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• September 10, 1939 Canada declares war on
  Germany - the first and only time Canada has
  declared war on another country on its own.

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• September 14, 1939 The Prime Minister, William
  Lyon MacKenzie King, declares that Canada should
  be the arsenal of the Allies and pledges not to
  institute conscription.

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• September 16, 1939 the first Canadian convoy of
  merchant ships sails for Britain.

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Battle of Britain
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Battle of the Atlantic
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Battle of the Atlantic

• The Second Battle of the Atlantic was the longest
  continuous military campaign of World War II,
  running from 1939 right through to the defeat of
  Nazi Germany in 1945.

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Corvette in the Atlantic
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Nuremberg Trials

• After the war, many prominent Nazis were
  convicted of war crimes and crimes against
  humanity at the Nuremberg Trials, where 21 were
  executed.

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Famous Nazis

• A few scattered people, mostly not from Germany,
  converted to Nazism during or after World War II
  and contributed to further development of the
  ideology, especially in a spiritual or esoteric
  direction Sean Russell, Savitri Devi of India,
  Miguel Serrano of Chile, George Lincoln Rockwell
  of the United States.