The Road to Revolution

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The Road to Revolution

• Colonial Thought Matures

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• The Colonies Mature 1700-1775
• 1700European population in mainland British
  colonies 275,000
• Boston largest city (7000)
• New York 2d largest (5000)
• Mass. NY pass laws expelling Roman Catholics
  from colony Catholicism illegal
• 1701Yale becomes 2d college in American colonies
• 1702Anglican Church established in MD
  supported by tax on free men, male servants
  male slaves
• 1704first newspaper in colonies, Boston
  News-Letter
• 1705Mass. passes law banning marriage between
  Negroes and whites

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• Colonial Warfare
• War of the League of Augsburg
• King Williams War
• 1689-1697
• First in series of struggles between Britain
  France for political domination of Europe
• In the colonies, some minor fighting mainly in
  Canada upstate New York

English DogLock Musket,  King William's War era
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• War of the Spanish Succession
• Queen Annes War
• 1702-1713
• Charles II (Spain) died with no heir near
  relative French which would have joined France
  Spain
• British gained Hudsons Bay Newfoundland Nova
  Scotia in Treaty of Utrecht
• Period of quiet
• 1714 tea introduced to colonies George I
  becomes king of England
• 1718 New Orleans founded by French
• 1727-1760, George II king of England
• 1700-1750 French penetrate Ohio Mississippi
  River Valleys

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• War of Jenkin's Ear
• 1731 Robert Jenkinss ear cut off by Spanish
  boarding party
• 1739 Parliament declared war
• Some fighting occurred in Caribbean Sea area of
  Americas
• War actually never endedmerged into
• War of Austrian Succession
• 1740-1748
• King Georges War
• New Englanders won hard-fought victory
  caputured Ft Louisburg
• Ended with Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

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Ft. Louisburg on Cape Breton Island protected the
strategically important St Lawrence River. When
the British used its return as a bargaining chip
at the treaty negotiations, colonials felt
cheated of their hard-fought prize.
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• French and Indian War
• Seven Years Warfinal war for continental
  domination
• 1756-1763
• Began in the American colonies
• Role of George Washington
• French won early engagements
• First true world war
• Role of William Pitt
• Battle of Quebec death of Wolfe Montcalm
• Treaty of Paris ended war
• French lost almost all of New World possessions

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Albany Plan of Union
Just prior to outbreak of war, Ben Franklin
proposed this union for protection from Indians
and French--failed
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Major battle sites of French Indian War
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European Empires After the Seven Years War
European empires in North America before the
Seven Years War
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• Consequences of French Indian War
• France lost essentially all its North American
  Empire
• Increased British/colonial tensions
• Increased British debtBritain imposed revenue
  measures on colonies to pay for war
• Increased tensions between colonials and Native
  Americans
• Played active role in war
• Left out of negotiations at peace conference
• Pontiacs Rebellion
• British stationed permanent army in colonies

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• French defeat in Ohio River Valley caused concern
  for Indians
• British settlers began to cross Appalachians
• British planned to take over French forts build
  new ones
• British traders bad reputation for unfair
  dealings in trade

• British had low regard for Indians stopped
  custom of giving trade gifts
• Delaware mystic named The Prophet began to
  preach a return to traditional ways
• Joined with an Ottawa chieftan, Pontiac

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Pontiac assembled alliance of more than 7 nations
to take back the Ohio Great Lakes Region
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• Pontiacs Rebellion
• 1763 year of Indian victories
• 1764 British had some important wins in Ohio
  region less success in Great Lakes area
• Pontiac tried to enlist southern tribes to drive
  out Britishfailed
• 1766 peace negotiated Pontiacs life spared
• Consequence Proclamation Line of 1763

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• 1764 Revenue Acts--designed to pay for French
  Indian War continued defense of colonies
• Sugar Act Parliament, desiring revenue from its
  North American colonies, passed the first law
  specifically aimed at raising colonial money for
  the Crown. The act increased duties on
  non-British goods shipped to the colonies.
• Beginnings of Colonial Opposition. American
  colonists responded to the Sugar Act with mild
  protest.

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• 1765
• Quartering Act--required the colonies to provide
  barracks and supplies to British troops.
• Stamp Act (raise money to defend colonies)
• First direct tax on the American colonies
• taxed newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, legal
  documents, dice, and playing cards.
• Revenue stamps placed on items to show that the
  tax had been paid.
• Organized Colonial Protest
• Sons of Liberty created
• Boycott of British goods
• Plan of intimidation of tax collectors
• Stamp Act Congress
• Established pattern for future protests!

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• 1766
• Repeal Stamp Act
• Passage Declaratory Act
• 1767
• Townshend Acts initiated taxes on items like
  glass, lead, paint, paper, tea
• Colonial Response nonimportation
• John Dickinsons Letter from a Farmer in
  Pennsylvania advances idea that British could
  not directly tax colonies called Townshend Acts
  unconstitutional

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• Phillis Wheatley, 1753-1784
• Kidnapped at age of 7 in Africa
• Sold to John Wheatley as servant/companion for
  his daughters/wife
• Taught English, Latin, Greek,
• Loved poetry, especially Milton studied theology

• Published Poems on Various Subjects in England
• Traveled widely, including to England to promote
  book
• Met George Washington
• Died in poverty

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• 1768, Mass. Circular Letter first colonial
  writing to call for unified action against
  Britain (Sam Adams wrote this)
• British response is to station soldiers in Boston
• 1770 Townshend Acts cut colonials end
  nonimportation ban
• Boston Massacre
• Crispus Attucks
• John Adams defended soldiers

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Drawing of Boston Massacre by Henry Pelham
showing Attucks being shot
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• 1772 Attack on Gaspee
• Committees of Correspondence begunSam Adams
  established first one in Boston
• 1773 Tea Act
• Boston Tea Party

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• 1774 Coercive Acts passed to force Boston to pay
  for tea
• Boston Port Bill
• Administration of Justice Act
• Massachusetts Government Act
• Quartering Act
• Quebec Act
• September 1774
• First Continental Congress met to discuss
  problems with Britain
• Minute Men began to train in New England arms
  were stored in secret

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April 19, 1775 Battles of Lexington Concord
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Onward to The Revolution! HeyHave a Great Day!