Scientific Revolution

1
Scientific Revolution

• Paradigm shift
• Aristotelian system
• New cosmos
• Copernicus
• Kepler
• Galileo
• Scientific Reasoning
• Bacon empiricism
• Descarte reasoning
• Newton Principia (1687)
• Science Technology

2
Life The BIG Questions

• Where are we going?
• How do we get there?
• How do we know what we know?
• Whos in control?
• How do we organize society?

3
Paradigm Shift

• Premodern Worldview
• Nature is erratic
• Fate (relates to sin)
• Judgment of our senses, the ancients
• Degeneration hope is in salvation
• Authority, order

• Modern Worldview
• Natural laws
• Reason
• Scientific Method
• Progress
• Individual autonomy

4
Significance of Scientific Revolution

• Intense investigation of the natural world
  produced explanations of how the cosmos works,
  and those explanations challenged the traditional
  sources of authority and even the very notion of
  authority itself.

5
Aristotelian System

• Aristotle (5th cent. B.C., Greece)
• Ptolemy (2nd cent., Alexandrian Egypt)

6
Aristotelian View of Cosmos
7
Copernicus (1473-1543)
8
Kepler (1571-1642)
Elliptical Orbits Square of the time a planet
takes to complete its orbit is proportional to
the cube of its mean distance from the sun.
9
Galileo (1564-1642) and his telescope
10
When Galileo died in 1642, the whole traditional
view of the physical universe as an impenetrable
mysterycreated by God for his own reasons and
not responsive to human inquirieswas beginning
to come apart. --Adler p. 422
11
Bacon
12

• Empirical derived from or guided by
  experience or experiment.
• Empiricism empirical method or practice.

13
Descartes
Cogito ergo sum Cartisian doubt
14
Newton

• Principia (1687)
• Every particle of matter in the universe
  attracts every other particle with a force
  varying inversely as a square of the distance
  between them, and directly proportional to the
  product of their masses.

15
Poet Alexander Pope on Newton

• Nature and natures laws lay hid in night
• God said, Let Newton be,
• and all was light.