Unit 7 Body Language

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Unit 7 Body Language

• I. Teaching contents Body language ownership
  gestures
• II . Teaching objectives
• By the end of this lesson, students should be
  able to
• A. Know the cultural differences of body
  language.
• B. Understand how to make invitations and accept
  or refuse them.
• C. Grasp the words or phrases related to body
  language.

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• III. Foci
• 1. The cultural differences of body language
• 2. Key words personnel, appoint, despite,
  reflect, easygoing, relax, carefree, gesture,
  signify, customary, etiquette, impact,
  circumstance solution, lean, deject, intent,
  indifference, impatient, terminate, breath, sign,
  relief

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• 3. Phrases be guilty of, be appointed to, prior
  to, lack of, go away, resort to, stake ones
  claim
• 4. Useful structure It is noticed/ unlucky
  that
• It is normal/ common/ vital (for sb) to
• 5. Communicative skills
• Expressions making invitation

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• IV Teaching methods
• 1)students centered
• 2) explanation

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Cultural Background

• Body Language
• Body language is a term used to describe peoples
  facial expressions, gestures, and other movements
  of the body that send messages. It is very useful
  because it can help you make yourself easily
  understood. For example, waving one' s hand is to
  say "Good bye". Nodding the head means agreement,
  but shaking the head means disagreement.

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• Different countries have different body language.
  For example, men in Russia, France and Arab
  countries kiss each other when they meet, but men
  in China or Australia shake hands instead of
  kissing. When you use a foreign language, it is
  very important to know the meanings of gestures
  and movements in the foreign country. Following
  the customs will help you communicate with people
  and make your stay there much more pleasant and
  comfortable.

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Different interpretations of body language

• It is important to note that body language has
  different meanings in different cultures. How we
  can interpret body language depends on the
  situation, the culture, the relationship we have
  with the person as well as the gender of the
  other. This means that there is not one signal
  that has the same meaning all over the world. If
  you do not take this into account, you may get
  yourself in some serious trouble!

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The expression of feelings

• Body language is used especially to express
  feelings. For instance, if we do not like
  someone, it is often difficult to say that
  directly to the person. However we can make it
  clear either intentionally or unintentionally
  through body language. The opposite is also true.

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Brainstorming Work with your partner and write
out the means we use to communicate with each
other.
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verbal
words sentences speech conversation
intonation stress
e-mails letters notes faxes phone calls
memos reports...
frowning shrugging shaking head rubbing nose
fondling hair biting nails stroking chin
tapping fingers crossed arms...
body movement gesture posture clothing eye
contact facial expression clapping hands
shaking hands waving hands smiling

• Non-verbal

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Pair-work Discuss the following questions with
your partner.

• 1. What do you know about body language?
• 2 Are you good at reading body language?
• 3. Which is the most expressive part of your
  body?
• 4. What do you think contributes to ones use pf
  body language?
• 5. Why is it important for sales people to know
  and use body language?

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Structure of Reading I
Introduction (Paragraph 1-2) What is ownership
gesture?
Body (Paragraph 3-4) How does a boss use
ownership gestures?
Concluding (Paragraph 5) What should you do when
you find such gestures?
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Detailed studying of the text

• A New words and phrases
• 1. management n.
• 1)control and organization (of a business, etc)
• The failure was caused by poor management.
• 2)all those who control a business, enterprise,
  etc.
• The business is under new management.
• 3)skill in dealing with people
• It needs a good deal of management to persuade
  him to consent.

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• 2. guilty adj. having done wrong being to blame
  (for sth.) showing of feeling guilt
• The verdict of the jury was not guilty.
• I feel guilty about visiting her so rarely.
• guilt n.
• e.g. The police established his guilt beyond all
  doubt.
• guiltless adj.
• He was proved guiltless of the offence.
• be guilty of (sth./doing sth.)
• He was guilty of underestimating the problem.

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• 3. despite prep. in spite of
• 1) They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad
  weather.
• 2) Despite a shortage of steel, industrial output
  has increased by five percent.
• 4. reflect v. ????,??,????,??
• 1) The white sand reflected the suns heat.
• 2) Their clothes reflected a rising standard of
  living in their country.
• 3) He reflected how to get out of the difficulty.
  
• reflection n.
• the reflection of a sound wave
• an accurate reflection of reality
• After some reflection, the minister granted the
  request.

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• 5.easygoing adj. (of people ) relaxed and
  casual in style or manner
• My mother doesnt mind who comes to stay,
  shes very easygoing.
• 6.relax
• 1) vt./vi. to make or become less stiff or tight
  
• The drug will relax your muscles.
• His worried frown relaxed a little.
• 2)vt./vi. to make or become less worried or
  intense
• The music will help to relax you.
• During the break, they relax over a
  simple game like chess.
• relaxed adj.
• relaxed restrictions on imports
• He felt relaxed in mind and body.
• relaxation n.
• There must be no relaxation in our high
  standards.
• Golf is one of his relaxations.
• relaxing adj.
• relaxing climate ????????

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• 7.carefree adj. free from anxiety
• After finishing our exams we all felt
  carefree.
• Tom is carefree with his money.
• 8.signify vt. to be a sign of (sth.) make
  (sth.) known mean
• What do these marks signify?
• She signified her approval with a smile.
• The clouds signified the coming storm.

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• 9.signal
• 1) vt./ vi. to express (sth ) by a special
  action
• We signal(l)ed a passing ship for help.
• She signal(l)ed for waitress to come over.
• 2) n. sign, gesture, sound, etc that conveys
  a message, command, etc She flashed the torch
  as a signal.
• 10.customary adj. according to custom usual
• Is it customary to tip waiters in your
  country?
• custom n. ??,??
• It is difficult to get used to another
  countrys customs.
• customarily adv.
• She gave the speech of thanks to the chairman
  customarily. ???????????

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• 11. etiquette n. formal rules of correct and
  polite behavior in society or among members of a
  profession
• diplomatic (international) etiquette
• a breach of medical etiquette ??????????
• In golf it is against the etiquette of
  the game to talk.
• ???????,?????????
• customary etiquette ????,???????
• 12. impact n. strong impression or effect on
  sb./sth.
• The strike made a significant impact on
  government policy.
• ???????????????????
• He collapsed under the full impact of the blow.

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• 13.circumstance n.. condition or fact connected
  with an event or action
• The weather is a circumstance to be taken into
  consideration.
• Circumstances permitting, we sail on Friday.
• in/under the circumstances ??????,????
• In/Under the circumstances, there is little hope
  for an early settlement.
• in/under no circumstances
• In/Under no circumstances should you see them
  again. ??????????
• 14.dejected adj. depressed sad
• She grew more and more melancholy and pale and
  dejected.
• deject vt.
• Such news dejects me.
• dejection n.
• She walked about listlessly, humming to herself
  in dejection.
• ??????????,????????

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• 15.intently adv. with fixed or eager attention
• The little girl gazed at the fire intently.
  ???????????????
• intent n./adj.
• The intent /intention of the speech escaped no
  one.
• ???????????????
• He is intent on his studies. ?????????
• There was an intent look on her face as she
  watched the game.
• ????????,????????????
• 16. motionless adj. without any movement
• The captain stood there motionless. ????????????
• motion n./vi
• The object is no longer in motion. ????????????
• I motioned to him to come quietly.

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• 17. indifference n. absence of interest, feeling
  or reaction ????,??,???
• He treated my request with indifference.
  ???????????
• indifferent adj. ?????,???,????
• How can you be indifferent to the sufferings
  of starving people?
• ???????????????

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• 18. impatient adj. unable to remain calm
• Dont get so impatient! The bus will be here
  soon.
• impatience n.
• The teachers impatience with his slower students
  was beginning to show.
• ??????????????????
• impatiently adv.
• We sat waiting impatiently for the film to start.
  
• be impatient with sb / at sth
• Youre too impatient with her shes only a
  child.
• They are a little impatient at her digression.
• be impatient of sth ??????
• be impatient to do sth ?????????
• be impatient for results ????

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• terminate v. come to an end or bring (sth.) to
  an end
• terminate a controversy
• terminate a marriage by divorce
• Review questions terminate each
  chapter.
• The meeting terminated in disorder.
• termination n. ??,??,??
• the termination of a contract
• the termination of a pregnancy

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• 20. superior
• 1) adj. better than average higher in rank or
  position showing that one thinks one is better
  than others
• They counted themselves the most superior
  race in the world.
• A soldier must obey his superior officers.
• 2) n. person of higher rank ,position, etc
  person or thing that is better
• obey ones superiors????
• He has no superior as a Shakespearian actor.
• superiority n.
• Their vast superiority in speed would be easily
  outweighed by the extortionate running costs.
• superior court ????????
• superior goods ????,????
• superiority complex ???????
• be superior to ???------??------??
• This engine is superior to that one in every
  respect.
• antonym inferior ???,???

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• 21. posture
• 1)n. position of the body attitude,way of
  looking at sth.
• The artist asked the model to take a reclining
  posture.
• The government adopted an uncompromising posture
  on the issue of independence.
• ?????????????????????
• 2) v. pose
• Stop posturing in front of that mirror and listen
  to me!
• 22. subtle adj. not easy to detect or describe
  fine delicate subtle humor ?????
• a subtle smile ?????
• His whole attitude has undergone a subtle
  change.
• He is the subtlest of the politicians.

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• 23. annoying adj. make a little angry or
  impatient
• How annoying!
• an annoying noise
• an annoying habit
• annoy v.
• She was annoyed at/with his lighthearted
  attitude.
• ??????????????????
• Some people annoy, others simply disgust.
• ???????,??????????

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• 24. negotiation n. discussion aimed at reaching
  an agreement
• The price is a matter of negotiation.
• Negotiation of the sale took a long time.
• The settlement was achieved by peaceful
  negotiation.
• negotiate v. ??
• negotiate a contract (a treaty , an agreement)
• negotiate with sb. about sth.
• Weve decided to negotiate with the employers
  about our wage claim.
• ???????????????

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• 25. vital adi. connected with or essential to
  life essential to the existence
• The heart performs a vital bodily function.
• ??????????????
• It is absolutely vital that the matter be kept
  secret.
• vital to/for sth
• These measures are vital to national security.
• ???????????????
• Regular exercise is vital for your
  health.

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• 26. hostile adj. showing strong dislike very
  unfriendly
• a hostile crowd ( glance, reception,etc.)
• She found his manner towards her distinctly
  hostile.
• ??????????????
• hostility n.
• feeling of hostility ????
• His suggestion met with some hostility.
  
• 27. be appointed to ????------
• He was appointed to the vacant post.???????????
• appoint vt. ??
• appoint sb. (to be) sth. / (as) sth.
• They have appointed Smith (to be) manager.
  ?????????????
• Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson? ???????????

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• 28. prior to (formal) before
• The thought is always prior to the fact.
• ?????????
• We received no notification prior to
  todays date.
• prior adj. ???,???,???
• I shall have to refuse your invitation
  because of a prior engagement.
• ??????,???????????
• priority n.???????????
• Japans priority in the field of microelectronics
• ???????????????

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• 29. go away leave a place disappear fade
• We are going away for a few days.????????
• The smell hasnt gone away.???????
• 30. resort to make use of sth. for help
• If negotiations fail we shall have to resort to
  strike action.
• Owing to the cost of animal protein, the poor
  world is forced to resort to almost entirely to
  plant protein.
• ??????????,?????????????????????
• resort n. ????????,????????????
• Our only resort is to inform the police.
• ????????????
• Brighton is a leading south coast resort.
• ?????????????????

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B.Difficult Sentences

• 1) It has been noted that employees who have been
  appointed to management positions suddenly begin
  to use them, despite the fact that they seldom
  used them prior to their promotion.
• ?????,??????????????,????????????????,???????????
  ???

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• In the structure it is noted, that clause is
  the real subject while it is the formal
  subject. In English sentences there are two
  principles to place new information toward the
  end of a sentence and to reserve the final
  position for the more complex parts of a clause
  or sentence. The former principle is called
  end-focus, the later, end-weight. These two
  principles work together to present the new and
  important information in communication. Many past
  participles can be used in the structure. For
  example, it was said (reported, rumored,
  announced, arranged, decided, stressed, expected,
  etc.) Adjectives can also be used in this
  structure It is strange (natural obvious, true,
  possible, likely, unusual etc.)

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• If the following adjectives are used in this
  structure It is essential (appropriate,
  desirable, fitting, imperative, important, vital,
  impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper, etc.),
  the be-type subjunctive mood is always used.
• e.g. It is essential that all the facts be
  examined first.
• It is necessary that he come back without
  delay.
• I thought is advisable that an armed guard
  stand in readiness.
• It was appropriate that this tax be
  abolished.
• It is imperative that this mission not fail.

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• 2)It would be normal to assume that the position
  of the man in the picture reflects an easygoing,
  relaxed and carefree attitude, because that is in
  fact what it is.
• It would be normal to
• In this structure it is the formal subject
  and the real subject is the infinitive. The
  logical subject of the infinitive is introduced
  by for sb.
• to assume that the position of the man in the
  picture reflects an easygoing, relaxed and
  carefree attitude
• ??(??)?????????????,????????,?????????

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