The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 24

About This Presentation

Title:

The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources

Description:

Using the Internet, journalists can find ... A History of the Internet ... University of Utah. A History of the Internet. Supercomputer Centers Established ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:72

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 25

Provided by: johnse5

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Online Journalist: Using the Internet and Other Electronic Resources

1
The Online JournalistUsing the Internet and
Other Electronic Resources

Chapter 2
The World Online

2
The World Online

Albert Gore Jr. (1994) First live, online
conference with a vice president of the United
States.
Using the Internet, journalists can find
information quickly, information that was once
quite difficult to obtain -- available only to
journalists from elite media companies.

3
The Emergence of Computer Networks

Networks involve the physical linking of two or
more computers.
Local Area Networks (LAN).
Wide Area Networks (WAN).
Client-Server Computing
The software that makes the request is called the
client, and the software that fulfills the
request is the server.
Host, Client and Server

4
Understanding Client-Server Computing

Think of the Client-Server in terms of taxpayer
and accountant. The taxpayer is (the client) who
asks the accountant (the server) to do her income
taxes. The accountant does the income tax returns
and gives them to the taxpayer.

5
Host, Client and Server

A host is different from a server. When a server
works with client software to perform a task,
both the server and the client do some of the
processing or management of the information. A
host does all the processing and management. The
terminal only handles input and output.

6
Client Location Governs Functionality

All files and information on the Internet are
maintained and communicated in client-server
relationships. The server makes files available
to other machines (clients) in a format
recognized by client software running on the
client machine.
Your computer runs terminal emulation software --
connected to a distant host computer.

7
Network Connection Type Affects Functionality

Direct Connection
T1 lines and partial T1s
Dial-Up Connection
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

8
Cyberspace Is the Networking of Networks

Servers connected to Servers through Routers.
Fiber-Optic
Internetworking
High-speed lines allow you to move about very
quickly from one repository to another.
Repositories are usually mainframe and personal
computer combinations.

9
Defining the Internet

A Set of Rules the Internet as Agreement
The Internet is not an organization, institution
or club.
It does have physical structure and a set of
rules. National Backbones - The Cloud
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP)
IP is the address for each computer on the
network. (192.9.203.219) is a sample IP address.

10
Defining the Internet

TCP allows computers with different operating
systems, such as UNIX, Windows, Macintosh OS, to
operate the same Internet applications.
Physical Links High-speed data lines have been
established connecting the computer networks --
or internetworking.
Acceptance of TCP/IP protocols allows information
to travel transparently through the linked
networks that comprise the Internet

11
Defining the Internet

Inter-net means outside your boundaries.
Intra-net means within your boundaries.
Network Control
No ONE entity controls the Internet
There is a layer of control at every network
level. It is international in scope, but locally
controlled.
Some sites are restricted because of content

12
Defining the Internet

Cost Structure
The cost of using the Internet is similar to the
cost of having cable television.
Universities and businesses pay an annual or
monthly fee to access the backbone.
Services, such as video conferencing bring
special fees for bandwidth, etc., but these are
for services, not use of the Internet.

13
A History of the Internet

History
1970s and 1980s. Bitnet, FidoNet linked bulletin
boards -- Usenet for online discussions.
Domains Jan 2001- 109,574,429, compared to
56,218,000 in July of 1999.
Military Origins
In the 1960s, ARPA, the Advanced Research
Projects Agency of the United States Department
of Defense developed an experimental computer
network.

14
A History of the Internet

Researchers developed Transmission Control
Protocol and Internet Protocol --TCP/IP
IP addresses, such as 171.206.72.1
ARPAnet was launched in 1969 with four nodes
University of California at Los Angeles
University of California at Santa Barbara
Stanford Research Institute
University of Utah

15
A History of the Internet

Supercomputer Centers Established
National Science Foundation NSFnet established
five supercomputing centers around the country
and linked them through a high-speed network
known as NSFnet.
NSF encouraged research institutions to form
regional networks, which led to the basic
structure of the Internet.
Tim Berners Lee at CERN created a protocol for
hyperlinking information residing on different
computers. It was called the World Wide Web.

16
A History of the Internet

Shortly thereafter, in the early 1990s, Marc
Andreesen at the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications at the University of
Illinois developed a client program named Mosaic
that is characterized by a graphical user
interface.
The online revolution was in full gear. Today we
have Netscape, Internet Explorer and a number of
other browsers.

17
Internet Applications