Integumentary System

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Integumentary System

• Skin

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Functions

• Protection
• Thermoregulation
• Sensation

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Layers

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous

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Epidermis

• Primarily composed of keratinocytes and a few
  melanocytes

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Dermis

• Connective tissue
• Blood, nerves, hair follicles

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Subcutaneous

• Fat

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1 Line of Defense

• Intact skin!

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Epidermal activity

• Always regenerating
• New cells come from the basal layer ()
• Keratin provides some protection against the sun
  but are greatly assisted by
• Melanocytes (black cells)
• Melanocytes are also located in the basal layer

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Dermis

• Sweat glands
• (1) Eccrine all over except for lips, nipples
• (2) Apocrine (odoriferous) axilla and pubic areas

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Body Odor

• The apocrine glands release a fluid rich in
  organic matter.
• The organic elements of sweat will decompose
  when they come into contact with the bacteria on
  the skin. So, sweat itself, has no odor.

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Subcutaneous

• Fat cells
• Primarily for thermoregulation and protection,
  padding.

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So what about diseases of the skin?

• Protectionwounds
• Traumaburns
• Bacteriasecondary infection
• Immunityallergies
• Systemic or autoimmune diseasesscleroderma

• hyper/hypo pigmentation albinism
• Tumorsskin is most common site for cancers

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Documenting correctly

• Macule flat, less than 2cm. Mole
• Patch Over 2cm.
• Papule slightly elevated. Less than 1cm
• Nodule Larger 1-5cm. Slightly raised.
• Vesicle Fluid filled. Less than 1cm.
• Bulla Over 1cm. Blister. Burns
• Pustule Vesicle filled with pus.

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More

• Ulcer Defect in epidermis.
• Scales Keratin layers. Easily scraped away.
• Fissures Tunnels into deeper layers.

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Congential Diseases

• Nevus Latin means birthmark
• Brown birthmarks melanocytic bevi
• Nevus flammeus Portwine stain
• Epidermolysis bullosa

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External Injuries

• Mechanical
• Thermal
• Electrical
• Radiation

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Mechanical

• Blunt or sharp
• Blunt Blow to the hand with a hammer
• Sharp Knife or bullet

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Thermal

• Burns
• First Epidermis
• Second Epidermis (very little of dermis)
• Third Full thickness. Necrosis of the entire
  epidermis and dermis.
• Remember the Rule of Nines

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Thermal (Cold)

• Frost bite
• Chilblain

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Electrical Injury

• Primarily electrocution

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Radiation

• Sun
• Suntan is a response to an injury
• Looks healthy now but
• Accelerates the aging process
• Development of tumors