Chapter 15 New Beginnings

1
Chapter 15New Beginnings

• Lesson One
• The Renaissance

2
The Awakening

• Italy had three important city-states
• They were important through commerce.
• Commerce is the buying and selling of large
  quantities of goods.
  
• Florence-birth place of Renaissance
• Renaissance-intellectual and economic movement
  that saw a revived interest in the art, social,
  scientific, and political ideas of ancient Greece
  and Rome.
• Milan
• Venice

3
The Awakening

• Petrarch-poet and scholar
• Encouraged people to seek out and study the
  philosophy and literature of the past.
  
• As markets grew, merchants, bankers, and trades
  people became wealthy.
  
• They wanted a way to show their wealth
• They had fine clothing, larger homes, and fine
  art to display.

4
Art in the Renaissance

• Italy was wealthy. Wealth brought art.
• Artists mastered the art of prospective, depth,
  proportion, and the portrayal of real life people
  and nature.
  
• Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci,
  were most famous artists in Italy.
  
• Raphael was noted for his portraits of the mother
  of Jesus, his architecture, and perspective.
  

5
Art in the Renaissance

• Michelangelo-finest sculptor.
• Painted the Sistine Chapel
• He made sculptures from marble-carefully picking
  the marble.
  
• He made the famous statue of David.
• Leonardo da Vinci- painter, sculptor, engineer,
  and scientist.
  
• Famous for Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
• Built model air crafts- before airplanes
• Also built a model parachute, tank, machine guns,
  and movable bridges.

6
Revolution in Science

• Copernicus-taught at a university in Poland
• Convinced that the Earth was not the center of
  the universe
  
• Wrote about it but it wasnt allowed to be
  published
  
• Galileo-taught at the University of Pisa (in
  Italy
  
• Invented a better telescope and used it to look
  at the sky for the first time.
  
• This went against the Catholic church so he was
  put on house arrest for the rest of his life.
  
• Went on to describe motion of pendulums and
  physics in motion

7
Renaissance Inventions

• Johannes Gutenburg-printing press with movable
  type.
  
• Introduced the bible printed on a press
• Made books quickly which made education cheaper.
• Demand for books went up
• Paper making increased
• Other inventions-
• Watch, single lens microscope, optical telescope,
  and the air thermometer.
  

8
The Need for Church Reform

• Most studied the Roman Catholic Church in Europe
• The Church became wealthy and powerful
• The church accepted money for indulgences
  (pardons from punishment)
  
• Martin Luther objected to the selling of pardons
• He thought that only the bishops, pope, and monks
  should interpret the bible

9
The Need for Church Reform

• Martin Luther was excommunicated or expelled from
  the Catholic Church
  
• Some people followed Luther and became Lutherans
• John Calvin also led a group away from the
  Catholic Church
  
• Reformation-was the name for these events because
  the people wanted reform or change
  
• Protestantism- was the name for the movement

10
The Need for Church Reform

• Council of Trent-called in by the Catholic
  Church
  
• Their efforts were called the counter-reformation
  because they didnt want to change.
  
• They believed the only the church could explain
  the bible and the pope is the highest authority
  in the church
  
• They did stop selling indulgences.
• Christianity was split into the western and
  eastern church. Now the western Christianity
  split into Catholics and Protestants.