Coastal and Ocean Engineering at Texas A

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Coastal and Ocean EngineeringatTexas AM
University
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• Fields Related to Ocean Waves
•      
• Ocean Engineering Ship, water borne
  transport,
• offshore
  structures (fixed and
• floating
  platforms), Pipe lines, Wave
  energy, Underwater robots, ROV
•    
• Navy Military activity, amphibious
  operation,
• WW II Allies landing, Mobil sea base,
  Sonar-underwater acoustics
•  
• Coastal Engineering Harbor and ports,
  dredging, coastal
• structures, Tsunami, Storm surge,
• beach erosion, sediment
  transport.
•  

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• Oceanography Ocean environment,
  atmosphere,
• fishing,
  oil spilling, mixing, pollutant
• transport.
•  
•  Environmental Eng. Capping contaminated dredged
• material,
  Waste water disposal
• Diffusion
  and dispersion of toxic
• material
  in ocean and costal water.

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After December 26 Tsunami
Before December 26 Tsunami
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Hurricane Ivans Path (2004)
Picture courtesy of Weather Underground
(wunderground.com)
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Gravity Platform
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Gravity Platform Arctic area
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Spar

• Deepest Structure
• Hoover/Diana
• 4800 ft

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Future Sub-sea Completion?

• Limitations
• New technology
• Multi-phase flow
• Expensive
• Depth to 6000 ft

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System of Production Platforms
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• Horizontal Turbine

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Offshore Airport
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Mobile Offshore Base
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Mobile Offshore Base
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Floating Harbor in Alaska
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Floating Type
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RIB Rapidly Installed Breakwater(US Army)
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• Floating Breakwater System RIB

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Floating Bridge (Norway)
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Floating Bridge (Seattle)
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Lightering Operation in Open Sea
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Demands of LNG

• Larger LNG Carrier
• LNG-FPSO
• LNG Offloading Terminal

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Side-by-Side Offloading
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Tandem Offloading
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ISSUES ON LNG SLOSHING
LNG-FPSO
LNG Carrier
SMB

• Partial Loading
• Sloshing Concerns for Membrane System
• Impact Loading Strength of Membrane System
• Ship Motion Coupling

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Offshore Technology Research Center (OTRC)
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OTRC FPSO Model Testing
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Well Blowouts, Oil Spills, and Environmental
Safety
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Materials and Corrosion
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Rigs-to-Reefs
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COASTAL ENGINEERING

• Coastal Protection
• Beach Restoration
• Port and Harbors
• Inlet Control
• Waterway Navigation
• Dredging
• Military Operations

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Option 1 Do Nothing
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Option 2 Retreat
Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, Outer Banks, North
Carolina
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Option 3 Beach Nourishment
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Option 4 Coastal Armoring
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Dredging Technology
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Testing of Armor Unit Stability _at_ TAMU
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TsunamiAttack
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After December 26 Tsunami
Before December 26 Tsunami
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What Do I Do!?!?
A strong earthquake in your area is a natural
tsunami warning. Do not stay in low-lying coastal
areas!
If unusual sea conditions like extreme lowering
of sea level are observed, move towards high
grounds!
During the retreat of sea level, interesting
sights are often revealed. Fishes may be stranded
on dry land thereby attracting people to collect
them. Also, sandbars and coral flats may be
exposed. These scenes tempt people to flock to
the shoreline thereby increasing the numbers of
people at risk when the on rushing waves of
tsunami hit the area.
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It is Impossible to Predict Tsunamis

• However, Tsunamis can be forecasted after a
  seismic event is detected.
• Current Technology
• Computer simulations are used in order to create
  evacuation plans in the event that a tsunami
  occurs.
• Seismographs measure the intensity of earthquakes
  and tide gages measure wave height.
• Developing Technology
• Deep ocean buoys that can detect tsunamis after a
  seismic event

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DART Buoys

• Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami
• Normal Operation
• Surface Height is measured every 15 minutes.
• Operation After a Seismic Event
• 15 second values are transmitted during the first
  few minutes
• Followed by 1 minute averages
• If another event is not detected after 4 hours,
  they return to normal operation.

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• The NOAA will deploy 32 DART Buoys
• Fully operational by mid-2007
• Projected to cost 37.5 million over the next 2
  years

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The drag coefficients of swimming fishes are one
order of magnitude smaller than most underwater
vehicles
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Submarines

• Diving and Life Support
• Thrust and Propulsion
• Energy Systems

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Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)
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ROV Inspection of Offshore Structure
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Specialized ROV Trench Digger