China in the 20th Century

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China in the 20th Century
Sun Yatsen
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek)
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
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20th Century RevolutionsSee RGH 84, p. 348

• 1911 Republican Revolution
• Sun Yatsen and Guomindang (GMT) (Kuomintang)
• Three Principles of the People (Nationalism,
  Democracy, a form of Socialism)
• 1927 Nationalist Revolution - GMT
• Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek)
• Leader of wartime China
• 1949 Communist Revolution - CCP
• Mao Zedong
• Maoism

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MaoismChinese Communism

• See RGH 86, p. 356
• Role of the peasant See p. 351
• Long March 1934-35
• Ideas can motivate people to do anything
• Peoples Liberation Army
• Guerrilla Warfare
• Can Do Nationalism
• Why should Chinese fight Chinese, they should
  fight Japanese

http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/china.50/inside.c
hina/profiles/mao.tsetung/
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Guerrilla Warfare
Political Power Grows Out of the Barrel of a Gun

• The enemy attacks we retreat.
• The enemy camps, we harass.
• The enemy tires, we attack.
• The enemy retreats, we pursue.

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Civil War 1930-1949

• Mao vs. Jiang
• Why does Mao win and Jiang lose?
• See RGH 87, p. 357
• The Kuomintang is losing the respect and support
  of the people. . .the Generalissimo shows a
  similar loss of flexibility. . .his growing
  megalomania. . .and the desire of the Kuomintang
  to perpetuate their own power overrides any other
  consideration.

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Peoples Republic of China (PRC) October 1, 1949
The East is Red, the Sun is Rising
The Four Olds should be smashed old thinking,
old culture, old customs, old habits
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Expert and Red

• rapid industrialization (follow Soviet model)
• literacy and social reforms
• Sino-Soviet split -1959
• Taiwan and the Nationalists

• continuous revolution using ideas to move the
  masses
• Great Leap Forward 1957-60
• Cultural Revolution Red Guards 1966-72

http//www.morningsun.org/index.html Cultural
Revolution--great stuff
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Mao "...had experienced the morning-after
epiphany common to all revolutionaries in
victory, the revolution dies.  Shades of the
prison house begin to close upon the
post-revolutionary state after the initial
transformative spasm, exhaustion replaces
exhilaration, routine replaces voluntarism,
responsibility clogs idealism.  Many
revolutionary victors are happy to settle for
power and stability.  Mao was not.  The
revolution was dead long live the
revolution! Roderick MacFarquhar, The Origins
of the Cultural Revolution, Volume 3 The Coming
of the Cataclysm 1961-1966, p. 469
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Deng Xiaoping 1978-1997It doesnt matter
if the cat is black or white, as long as it
catches the mouse.

• To get rich is glorious
• Market totalitarianism
• Tiananmen - 1989

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China Today
When China accelerates, the world follows.
NYTimes, 10/3/03
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Yu Shi Ju Jin (Look out world, here we come)
Morgan Stanley ad, NYTimes, 2/18/04